diff --git a/day1-demo/README.md b/day1-demo/README.md deleted file mode 100644 index da15883..0000000 --- a/day1-demo/README.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -| 姓名 | 学号 | 角色 | 职责 | -|--------|------------|----------|--------------------------| -| 周诗晗 | 2411020112 | 组长 | 代码测试与 Bug、文档撰写 | -| 肖舒妍 | 2411020206 | 组员 | 界面设计、Prompt 编写 | - -2.2 项目简介 & 运行指南 -# 简介 -本成语接龙互动系统聚焦青年群体成语积累薄弱、传统成语接龙游戏参与门槛高且趣味性不足的痛点,通过 AI 辅助谐音匹配、实时提示及轻量化交互设计,以游戏化形式降低成语学习门槛,实现传统文化的趣味传承。 -# 如何运行 -安装依赖: uv sync -配置 Key: 复制项目根目录下的.env.example文件并重命名为.env,在文件内填入 DeepSeek API Key(用于 AI 成语生成功能) -启动项目: uv run streamlit run app.py -访问游戏:启动成功后,在浏览器打开终端输出的本地链接(默认:http://localhost:8501)即可进入成语接龙界面 - -《成语接龙》课程设计开发心得 -本次Python程序设计课程设计我们小组以“成语接龙互动系统”为主题,核心出发点在于解决“青年群体成语积累薄弱、传统成语游戏趣味性不足”的问题——既希望借助互动形式传承传统文化,也试图通过AI辅助功能降低成语接龙的参与门槛,让更多人在轻量化的游戏体验中熟悉成语、掌握成语。 -在AI协作方面,初次借助AI辅助开发时,其对需求的快速落地能力让我们印象深刻:仅通过描述“实现基于汉字谐音的成语匹配逻辑”,AI即可生成拼音映射表与同音校验函数,大幅缩短了基础功能的开发周期。其中,效果最显著的Prompt为“结合Streamlit框架,实现包含中国风界面、游戏状态管理、AI成语生成的完整交互系统”——该指令不仅覆盖了前端样式的视觉设计(如渐变卡片、动画效果),还嵌入了游戏计时器、历史记录管理等核心逻辑,直接实现了“功能完整性”与“用户体验”的结合。 -但协作过程中也存在实际问题:在调用DeepSeek API生成成语的环节,初始Prompt未限定“过滤已使用成语”,导致AI返回结果频繁重复,后续补充“排除历史成语列表”的约束条件后才解决该问题;此外,AI生成的新成语与本地成语库不匹配的Bug,通过“自动将有效新成语补充至本地库”的逻辑得以修复——这也让我意识到,AI输出的内容仍需结合实际场景进行针对性校验与调整。 -若脱离AI辅助,我们虽然可以独立完成基础接龙逻辑的编写,但Streamlit前端美化、API接口对接等环节的开发周期将显著延长,且界面交互的精细化程度会大打折扣。这也让我明确:AI是提升开发效率的工具,但开发者的核心竞争力仍在于“需求拆解能力”与“场景化决策能力”——例如AI不会主动考虑“用户卡壳时需要提示功能”,但结合实际使用场景,我增设了“提示按钮”,这正是从用户需求出发的主动设计。 -本次开发让我们清晰了AI时代的开发思路:需以“用户需求”为核心,先完成功能模块与体验细节的拆解,再借助AI实现具体代码的落地,自身则聚焦于需求合理性、流程完整性的把控。 diff --git a/idiom_solitaire.py b/idiom_solitaire.py index 4ade145..f9f29b3 100644 --- a/idiom_solitaire.py +++ b/idiom_solitaire.py @@ -1,1230 +1,614 @@ import streamlit as st -import random -import time import requests +import random import json -import os +import re -# DeepSeek API 配置 -DEEPSEEK_API_KEY = os.getenv("DEEPSEEK_API_KEY") # 请替换为实际的API密钥 +# 配置 DEEPSEEK_API_URL = "https://api.deepseek.com/v1/chat/completions" +# 尝试从secrets获取API密钥,如果失败则使用默认值 +try: + DEEPSEEK_API_KEY = st.secrets.get("deepseek_api_key", "your_api_key_here") +except Exception: + DEEPSEEK_API_KEY = "your_api_key_here" -# 系统提示 -SYSTEM_PROMPT = "你是一个成语接龙专家,精通各种成语,能够根据前一个成语的最后一个字(或其谐音)生成合适的接龙成语。" - -# 汉字拼音映射表(基础常用字) -CHINESE_PINYIN = { - '一': 'yi', '心': 'xin', '意': 'yi', '气': 'qi', '风': 'feng', '发': 'fa', - '扬': 'yang', '光': 'guang', '大': 'da', '材': 'cai', '小': 'xiao', '用': 'yong', - '武': 'wu', '之': 'zhi', '地': 'di', '博': 'bo', '学': 'xue', '多': 'duo', - '才': 'cai', '高': 'gao', '八': 'ba', '斗': 'dou', '斗': 'dou', '志': 'zhi', - '昂': 'ang', '眉': 'mei', '吐': 'tu', '吞': 'tun', '山': 'shan', '河': 'he', - '清': 'qing', '海': 'hai', '晏': 'yan', '子': 'zi', '使': 'shi', '楚': 'chu', - '动': 'dong', '人': 'ren', '各': 'ge', '自': 'zi', '美': 'mei', '好': 'hao', - '事': 'shi', '成': 'cheng', '双': 'shuang', '全': 'quan', '美': 'mei', '满': 'man', - '堂': 'tang', '彩': 'cai', '声': 'sheng', '笑': 'xiao', '语': 'yu', '香': 'xiang', - '玉': 'yu', '言': 'yan', '巧': 'qiao', '语': 'yu', '珠': 'zhu', '落': 'luo', - '玉': 'yu', '盘': 'pan', '根': 'gen', '固': 'gu', '蒂': 'di', '深': 'shen', - '叶': 'ye', '茂': 'mao', '枝': 'zhi', '繁': 'fan', '花': 'hua', '盛': 'sheng', - '开': 'kai', '富': 'fu', '贵': 'gui', '竹': 'zhu', '报': 'bao', '平': 'ping', - '安': 'an', '吉': 'ji', '祥': 'xiang', '如': 'ru', '意': 'yi', '万': 'wan', - '事': 'shi', '如': 'ru', '意': 'yi', '心': 'xin', '想': 'xiang', '事': 'shi', - '成': 'cheng', '步': 'bu', '步': 'bu', '高': 'gao', '升': 'sheng', '帆': 'fan', - '风': 'feng', '顺': 'shun', '马': 'ma', '到': 'dao', '成': 'cheng', '功': 'gong', - '成': 'cheng', '名': 'ming', '利': 'li', '就': 'jiu', '吉': 'ji', '星': 'xing', - '高': 'gao', '照': 'zhao', '万': 'wan', '象': 'xiang', '更': 'geng', '新': 'xin', - '五': 'wu', '谷': 'gu', '丰': 'feng', '登': 'deng', '六': 'liu', '畜': 'chu', - '兴': 'xing', '旺': 'wang', '和': 'he', '和': 'he', '美': 'mei', '美': 'mei', - '团': 'tuan', '团': 'tuan', '圆': 'yuan', '圆': 'yuan', '家': 'jia', '和': 'he', - '万': 'wan', '事': 'shi', '兴': 'xing', '国': 'guo', '泰': 'tai', '民': 'min', - '安': 'an', '人': 'ren', '寿': 'shou', '年': 'nian', '丰': 'feng', '欢': 'huan', - '天': 'tian', '喜': 'xi', '地': 'di', '庆': 'qing', '张': 'zhang', '灯': 'deng', - '结': 'jie', '彩': 'cai', '热': 're', '热': 're', '闹': 'nao', '闹': 'nao', - '红': 'hong', '红': 'hong', '火': 'huo', '火': 'huo', '吉': 'ji', '利': 'li', - '双': 'shuang', '收': 'shou', '喜': 'xi', '气': 'qi', '洋': 'yang', '洋': 'yang', - '幸': 'xing', '福': 'fu', '美': 'mei', '满': 'man', '健': 'jian', '康': 'kang', - '长': 'chang', '寿': 'shou', '平': 'ping', '平': 'ping', '安': 'an', '安': 'an', - '快': 'kuai', '乐': 'le', '幸': 'xing', '福': 'fu', '吉': 'ji', '庆': 'qing', - '有': 'you', '余': 'yu', '笑': 'xiao', '口': 'kou', '常': 'chang', '开': 'kai', - '财': 'cai', '源': 'yuan', '滚': 'gun', '滚': 'gun', '富': 'fu', '贵': 'gui', - '荣': 'rong', '华': 'hua', '子': 'zi', '孙': 'sun', '满': 'man', '堂': 'tang', - '夫': 'fu', '妻': 'qi', '和': 'he', '睦': 'mu', '父': 'fu', '子': 'zi', - '孝': 'xiao', '顺': 'shun', '兄': 'xiong', '弟': 'di', '友': 'you', '爱': 'ai', - '和': 'he', '和': 'he', '气': 'qi', '气': 'qi', '风': 'feng', '雨': 'yu', - '同': 'tong', '舟': 'zhou', '甘': 'gan', '苦': 'ku', '与': 'yu', '共': 'gong', - '相': 'xiang', '敬': 'jing', '如': 'ru', '宾': 'bin', '恩': 'en', '爱': 'ai', - '如': 'ru', '初': 'chu', '白': 'bai', '头': 'tou', '偕': 'xie', '老': 'lao', - '子': 'zi', '孝': 'xiao', '孙': 'sun', '贤': 'xian', '家': 'jia', '业': 'ye', - '兴': 'xing', '旺': 'wang', '财': 'cai', '运': 'yun', '亨': 'heng', '通': 'tong', - '名': 'ming', '利': 'li', '双': 'shuang', '收': 'shou', '事': 'shi', '业': 'ye', - '有': 'you', '成': 'cheng', '前': 'qian', '程': 'cheng', '似': 'si', '锦': 'jin', - '万': 'wan', '里': 'li', '鹏': 'peng', '程': 'cheng', '一': 'yi', '帆': 'fan', - '风': 'feng', '顺': 'shun', '一': 'yi', '路': 'lu', '平': 'ping', '安': 'an', - '四': 'si', '季': 'ji', '平': 'ping', '安': 'an', '万': 'wan', '事': 'shi', - '如': 'ru', '意': 'yi', '吉': 'ji', '祥': 'xiang', '如': 'ru', '意': 'yi', - '洪': 'hong', '福': 'fu', '齐': 'qi', '天': 'tian', '泰': 'tai', '山': 'shan', - '北': 'bei', '斗': 'dou', '寿': 'shou', '比': 'bi', '南': 'nan', '山': 'shan', - '福': 'fu', '如': 'ru', '东': 'dong', '海': 'hai', '吉': 'ji', '星': 'xing', - '高': 'gao', '照': 'zhao', '万': 'wan', '事': 'shi', '大': 'da', '吉': 'ji', - '大': 'da', '利': 'li', '大': 'da', '发': 'fa', '大': 'da', '财': 'cai', - '大': 'da', '吉': 'ji', '大': 'da', '利': 'li', '大': 'da', '发': 'fa', - '大': 'da', '财': 'cai', '大': 'da', '吉': 'ji', '大': 'da', '利': 'li', - '大': 'da', '发': 'fa', '大': 'da', '财': 'cai', '大': 'da', '吉': 'ji', - '大': 'da', '利': 'li', '大': 'da', '发': 'fa', '大': 'da', '财': 'cai', - '节': 'jie', '衣': 'yi', '缩': 'suo', '食': 'shi', '果': 'guo', '腹': 'fu', - '背': 'bei', '受': 'shou', '敌': 'di', '强': 'qiang', '弱': 'ruo', '禁': 'jin', - '花': 'hua', '雪': 'xue', '月': 'yue', '朗': 'lang', '星': 'xing', '稀': 'xi', - '奇': 'qi', '古': 'gu', '怪': 'guai', '诞': 'dan', '经': 'jing', '久': 'jiu', - '衰': 'shuai', '草': 'cao', '连': 'lian', '天': 'tian', '马': 'ma', '行': 'xing', - '空': 'kong', '穴': 'xue', '来': 'lai', '调': 'tiao', '顺': 'shun', '牵': 'qian', - '羊': 'yang', '肠': 'chang', '道': 'dao', '貌': 'mao', '岸': 'an', '然': 'ran', - '糠': 'kang', '照': 'zhao', '薪': 'xin', '火': 'huo', '相': 'xiang', '传': 'chuan', - '宗': 'zong', '接': 'jie', '代': 'dai', '过': 'guo', '目': 'mu', '忘': 'wang', - '恩': 'en', '负': 'fu', '义': 'yi', '薄': 'bao', '云': 'yun', '长': 'chang', - '久': 'jiu' -} - -# 成语库(示例,可扩展) +# 本地成语库(仅用于生成题目) IDIOMS = { - '一心一意': {'pinyin': 'yī xīn yī yì', 'meaning': '心思、意念专一'}, - '意气风发': {'pinyin': 'yì qì fēng fā', 'meaning': '形容精神振奋,气概昂扬'}, - '发扬光大': {'pinyin': 'fā yáng guāng dà', 'meaning': '使事业、传统等更加发展壮大'}, - '大材小用': {'pinyin': 'dà cái xiǎo yòng', 'meaning': '大的材料用在小处,多指人事安排不恰当,屈才'}, - '用武之地': {'pinyin': 'yòng wǔ zhī dì', 'meaning': '形容地形险要,利于作战的地方。比喻可以施展自己才能的地方或机会'}, - '地大物博': {'pinyin': 'dì dà wù bó', 'meaning': '指国家疆土辽阔,资源丰富'}, - '博学多才': {'pinyin': 'bó xué duō cái', 'meaning': '学问广博,才能很多'}, - '才高八斗': {'pinyin': 'cái gāo bā dǒu', 'meaning': '形容人文才高超'}, - '斗志昂扬': {'pinyin': 'dòu zhì áng yáng', 'meaning': '斗争的意志旺盛'}, - '扬眉吐气': {'pinyin': 'yáng méi tǔ qì', 'meaning': '形容摆脱了长期受压状态后高兴痛快的样子'}, - '气吞山河': {'pinyin': 'qì tūn shān hé', 'meaning': '气势可以吞没山河,形容气魄很大'}, - '河清海晏': {'pinyin': 'hé qīng hǎi yàn', 'meaning': '黄河水清,大海平静。形容天下太平'}, - '晏子使楚': {'pinyin': 'yàn zǐ shǐ chǔ', 'meaning': '讲述了春秋末期,齐国大夫晏子出使楚国,楚王三次侮辱晏子,想显示楚国的威风,晏子巧妙回击,维护了自己和国家尊严的故事'}, - '楚楚动人': {'pinyin': 'chǔ chǔ dòng rén', 'meaning': '形容姿容美好,动人心神'}, - '人山人海': {'pinyin': 'rén shān rén hǎi', 'meaning': '人群如山似海,形容人聚集得非常多'}, - '海底捞月': {'pinyin': 'hǎi dǐ lāo yuè', 'meaning': '到水中去捞月亮。比喻去做根本做不到的事,只能白费力气'}, - '月明星稀': {'pinyin': 'yuè míng xīng xī', 'meaning': '月亮明亮时,星星就显得稀疏了'}, - '稀奇古怪': {'pinyin': 'xī qí gǔ guài', 'meaning': '指很少见,很奇异,不同一般'}, - '怪诞不经': {'pinyin': 'guài dàn bù jīng', 'meaning': '言语奇怪荒唐,不合常理'}, - '经久不息': {'pinyin': 'jīng jiǔ bù xī', 'meaning': '经过长时间停不下来'}, - '息事宁人': {'pinyin': 'xī shì níng rén', 'meaning': '指调解纠纷,使事情平息下来,消除事端,使人们平安相处'}, - '人云亦云': {'pinyin': 'rén yún yì yún', 'meaning': '人家怎么说,自己也跟着怎么说。指没有主见,只会随声附和'}, - '云开见日': {'pinyin': 'yún kāi jiàn rì', 'meaning': '乌云消散,阳光出现。比喻黑暗过去,光明到来。也比喻误会消除'}, - '日新月异': {'pinyin': 'rì xīn yuè yì', 'meaning': '每天都在更新,每月都有变化。指发展或进步迅速,不断出现新事物、新气象'}, - '异想天开': {'pinyin': 'yì xiǎng tiān kāi', 'meaning': '比喻荒唐离奇,想象着暂时无法实现的事,还比喻超强的想象力'}, - '开门见山': {'pinyin': 'kāi mén jiàn shān', 'meaning': '打开门就能看见山。比喻说话或写文章直截了当谈本题,不拐弯抹角'}, - '山清水秀': {'pinyin': 'shān qīng shuǐ xiù', 'meaning': '形容风景优美'}, - '秀色可餐': {'pinyin': 'xiù sè kě cān', 'meaning': '形容女子姿容非常美丽或景物非常优美'}, - '餐风露宿': {'pinyin': 'cān fēng lù sù', 'meaning': '形容旅途或野外工作的辛苦'}, - '宿弊一清': {'pinyin': 'sù bì yī qīng', 'meaning': '多年的弊病一下就肃清了'}, - '青梅竹马': {'pinyin': 'qīng méi zhú mǎ', 'meaning': '形容男女儿童之间两小无猜的情状'}, - '马到成功': {'pinyin': 'mǎ dào chéng gōng', 'meaning': '形容工作刚开始就取得成功'}, - '功成名就': {'pinyin': 'gōng chéng míng jiù', 'meaning': '功绩取得了,名声也有了'}, - '就事论事': {'pinyin': 'jiù shì lùn shì', 'meaning': '按照事物本身的性质来评定是非得失。现也指仅从事物的表面现象孤立、静止、片面地议论'}, - '事半功倍': {'pinyin': 'shì bàn gōng bèi', 'meaning': '指做事得法,因而费力小,收效大'}, - '倍道兼行': {'pinyin': 'bèi dào jiān xíng', 'meaning': '每天加倍行程,一天走两天的路程。形容加速急行'}, - '行云流水': {'pinyin': 'xíng yún liú shuǐ', 'meaning': '比喻文章的布局和发展,不加雕琢,就像云的运行,水的流动,非常自然'}, - '水落石出': {'pinyin': 'shuǐ luò shí chū', 'meaning': '水落下去,水底的石头就露出来。比喻事情的真相完全显露出来'}, - '出人头地': {'pinyin': 'chū rén tóu dì', 'meaning': '指高人一等。形容德才超众或成就突出'}, - '地老天荒': {'pinyin': 'dì lǎo tiān huāng', 'meaning': '指经历的时间极久'}, - '荒无人烟': {'pinyin': 'huāng wú rén yān', 'meaning': '形容地方偏僻荒凉,见不到人家'}, - '烟消云散': {'pinyin': 'yān xiāo yún sàn', 'meaning': '像烟云消散一样。比喻事物消失得干干净净'}, - '散兵游勇': {'pinyin': 'sàn bīng yóu yǒng', 'meaning': '原指没有统帅的逃散士兵。现有指没有组织的集体队伍里独自行动的人'}, - '勇往直前': {'pinyin': 'yǒng wǎng zhí qián', 'meaning': '勇敢地一直向前进'}, - '前仆后继': {'pinyin': 'qián pū hòu jì', 'meaning': '前面的倒下了,后面的紧跟上去。形容斗争的英勇壮烈'}, - '继往开来': {'pinyin': 'jì wǎng kāi lái', 'meaning': '继承前人的事业,开辟未来的道路'}, - '来日方长': {'pinyin': 'lái rì fāng cháng', 'meaning': '将来的日子还长着呢。表示事有可为或将来还有机会'}, - '长驱直入': {'pinyin': 'cháng qū zhí rù', 'meaning': '迅速向很远的目的地前进。形容进军迅猛顺利。用来表示军队以不可阻挡之势向前挺进,深入敌方心脏'}, - '入木三分': {'pinyin': 'rù mù sān fēn', 'meaning': '形容书法极有笔力。现多比喻分析问题很深刻'}, - '分秒必争': {'pinyin': 'fēn miǎo bì zhēng', 'meaning': '一分一秒也一定要争取。形容抓紧时间'}, - '争先恐后': {'pinyin': 'zhēng xiān kǒng hòu', 'meaning': '抢着向前,唯恐落后'}, - '后来居上': {'pinyin': 'hòu lái jū shàng', 'meaning': '后来的超过先前的。有以称赞后起之秀超过前辈'}, - '上天入地': {'pinyin': 'shàng tiān rù dì', 'meaning': '升上天空,钻入地下。形容神通广大。也比喻为实现某种目的而四处奔走'}, - '地动山摇': {'pinyin': 'dì dòng shān yáo', 'meaning': '地震发生时大地颤动,山河摇摆。亦形容声势浩大或斗争激烈'}, - '摇身一变': {'pinyin': 'yáo shēn yī biàn', 'meaning': '旧时神怪小说中描写有神通的人能用法术一晃身子就改变自己本来的模样。现用来形容人不讲道义原则,一下子来个大改变'}, - '变化多端': {'pinyin': 'biàn huà duō duān', 'meaning': '形容变化极多。也指变化很大'}, - '端本正源': {'pinyin': 'duān běn zhèng yuán', 'meaning': '从根本上加以整顿清理'}, - '源远流长': {'pinyin': 'yuán yuǎn liú cháng', 'meaning': '源头很远,水流很长。比喻历史悠久'}, - '长吁短叹': {'pinyin': 'cháng xū duǎn tàn', 'meaning': '长一声、短一声不住地叹气。形容发愁的神情'}, - '叹为观止': {'pinyin': 'tàn wéi guān zhǐ', 'meaning': '指赞美所见到的事物好到了极点'}, - '止戈为武': {'pinyin': 'zhǐ gē wéi wǔ', 'meaning': '意思是武字是止戈两字合成的,所以要能止战,才是真正的武功。后也指不用武力而使对方屈服,才是真正的武功'}, - '武艺超群': {'pinyin': 'wǔ yì chāo qún', 'meaning': '形容武艺高强,超出一般人'}, - '群策群力': {'pinyin': 'qún cè qún lì', 'meaning': '指发挥集体的作用,大家一起来想办法,贡献力量'}, - '力挽狂澜': {'pinyin': 'lì wǎn kuáng lán', 'meaning': '比喻尽力挽回危险的局势'}, - '澜倒波随': {'pinyin': 'lán dǎo bō suí', 'meaning': '比喻言行无标准'}, - '随遇而安': {'pinyin': 'suí yù ér ān', 'meaning': '指能顺应环境,在任何境遇中都能满足'}, - '安贫乐道': {'pinyin': 'ān pín lè dào', 'meaning': '安于贫穷,以坚持自己的信念为乐。旧时士大夫所主张的为人处世之道'}, - '道听途说': {'pinyin': 'dào tīng tú shuō', 'meaning': '路上听来的、路上传播的话。泛指没有根据的传闻'}, - '说三道四': {'pinyin': 'shuō sān dào sì', 'meaning': '形容不负责任地胡乱议论'}, - '四面楚歌': {'pinyin': 'sì miàn chǔ gē', 'meaning': '比喻陷入四面受敌、孤立无援的境地'}, - '歌功颂德': {'pinyin': 'gē gōng sòng dé', 'meaning': '颂扬功绩和德行'}, - '德高望重': {'pinyin': 'dé gāo wàng zhòng', 'meaning': '道德高尚,名望很大'}, - '重见天日': {'pinyin': 'chóng jiàn tiān rì', 'meaning': '重新看到了天和太阳。比喻脱离黑暗,重见光明'}, - '日新月异': {'pinyin': 'rì xīn yuè yì', 'meaning': '每天都在更新,每月都有变化。指发展或进步迅速,不断出现新事物、新气象'}, - '异口同声': {'pinyin': 'yì kǒu tóng shēng', 'meaning': '不同的嘴说出相同的话。指大家说得都一样'}, - '声东击西': {'pinyin': 'shēng dōng jī xī', 'meaning': '指造成要攻打东边的声势,实际上却攻打西边。是使对方产生错觉以出奇制胜的一种战术'}, - '西装革履': {'pinyin': 'xī zhuāng gé lǚ', 'meaning': '身穿西装,脚穿皮鞋。形容衣着入时'}, - '履险如夷': {'pinyin': 'lǚ xiǎn rú yí', 'meaning': '走在危险的地方就象走在平地一样。比喻平安地渡过困境'}, - '夷为平地': {'pinyin': 'yí wéi píng dì', 'meaning': '铲平使成一块平地'}, - '地广人稀': {'pinyin': 'dì guǎng rén xī', 'meaning': '地方大,人烟少'}, - '稀奇古怪': {'pinyin': 'xī qí gǔ guài', 'meaning': '指很少见,很奇异,不同一般'}, - '怪模怪样': {'pinyin': 'guài mó guài yàng', 'meaning': '形态奇怪'}, - '样样俱全': {'pinyin': 'yàng yàng jù quán', 'meaning': '一切齐全,应有尽有'}, - '全力以赴': {'pinyin': 'quán lì yǐ fù', 'meaning': '把全部力量都投入进去'}, - '赴汤蹈火': {'pinyin': 'fù tāng dǎo huǒ', 'meaning': '沸水敢蹚,烈火敢踏。比喻不避艰险,奋勇向前'}, - '火树银花': {'pinyin': 'huǒ shù yín huā', 'meaning': '形容张灯结彩或大放焰火的灿烂夜景'}, - '花团锦簇': {'pinyin': 'huā tuán jǐn cù', 'meaning': '形容五彩缤纷,十分鲜艳多彩的景象。也形容文章辞藻华丽'}, - '簇锦团花': {'pinyin': 'cù jǐn tuán huā', 'meaning': '簇:聚成团。锦:有花纹的丝织品。形容五色缤纷,繁华艳丽的景象'}, - '花好月圆': {'pinyin': 'huā hǎo yuè yuán', 'meaning': '花儿正盛开,月亮正圆满。比喻美好圆满。多用于祝贺人新婚'}, - '圆孔方木': {'pinyin': 'yuán kǒng fāng mù', 'meaning': '把方木头放到圆孔里去。比喻二者不能投合'}, - '木已成舟': {'pinyin': 'mù yǐ chéng zhōu', 'meaning': '树木已经做成了船。比喻事情已成定局,无法改变'}, - '舟车劳顿': {'pinyin': 'zhōu chē láo dùn', 'meaning': '舟车:船与车,泛指一切水陆交通工具。劳顿:劳累疲倦。形容旅途疲劳困顿'}, - '顿足捶胸': {'pinyin': 'dùn zú chuí xiōng', 'meaning': '用脚跺地,以拳捶胸。形容极度悲痛或恼怒,到了极点'}, - '胸有成竹': {'pinyin': 'xiōng yǒu chéng zhú', 'meaning': '原指画竹子要在心里有一幅竹子的形象。后比喻在做事之前已经拿定主意'}, - '竹报平安': {'pinyin': 'zhú bào píng ān', 'meaning': '比喻平安家信'}, - '安步当车': {'pinyin': 'ān bù dāng chē', 'meaning': '以从容的步行代替乘车。形容轻松缓慢地行走。也指人能够安守贫贱生活'}, - '车水马龙': {'pinyin': 'chē shuǐ mǎ lóng', 'meaning': '车象流水,马象游龙。形容来往车马很多,连续不断的热闹情景'}, - '龙飞凤舞': {'pinyin': 'lóng fēi fèng wǔ', 'meaning': '原形容山势的蜿蜒雄壮,后也形容书法笔势有力,灵活舒展'}, - '舞文弄墨': {'pinyin': 'wǔ wén nòng mò', 'meaning': '原指曲引法律条文作弊。后常指玩弄文字技巧'}, - '墨守成规': {'pinyin': 'mò shǒu chéng guī', 'meaning': '指思想保守,守着老规矩不肯改变'}, - '规行矩步': {'pinyin': 'guī xíng jǔ bù', 'meaning': '指严格按照规矩办事,毫不苟且。也指办事死板,不灵活'}, - '步步为营': {'pinyin': 'bù bù wéi yíng', 'meaning': '军队每向前推进一步就设下一首营垒。形容防守严密,行动谨慎'}, - '营私舞弊': {'pinyin': 'yíng sī wǔ bì', 'meaning': '因图谋私利而玩弄欺骗手段做犯法的事'}, - '弊绝风清': {'pinyin': 'bì jué fēng qīng', 'meaning': '弊:坏事;清:洁净。贪污、舞弊的事情没有了。形容坏事绝迹,社会风气良好'}, - '清风明月': {'pinyin': 'qīng fēng míng yuè', 'meaning': '只与清风、明月为伴。比喻不随便结交朋友。也比喻清闲无事'}, - '月黑风高': {'pinyin': 'yuè hēi fēng gāo', 'meaning': '比喻没有月光风也很大的夜晚。比喻险恶的环境'}, - '高风亮节': {'pinyin': 'gāo fēng liàng jié', 'meaning': '形容道德和行为都很高尚'}, - '节外生枝': {'pinyin': 'jié wài shēng zhī', 'meaning': '本不应该生枝的地方生枝。比喻在原有问题之外又岔出了新问题。多指故意设置障碍,使问题不能顺利解决'}, - '枝繁叶茂': {'pinyin': 'zhī fán yè mào', 'meaning': '枝叶繁密茂盛'}, - '茂林修竹': {'pinyin': 'mào lín xiū zhú', 'meaning': '茂密高大的树林竹林'}, - '竹篮打水': {'pinyin': 'zhú lán dǎ shuǐ', 'meaning': '比喻白费气力,劳而无功'}, - '水泄不通': {'pinyin': 'shuǐ xiè bù tōng', 'meaning': '像是连水也流不出去。形容拥挤或包围的非常严密'}, - '通情达理': {'pinyin': 'tōng qíng dá lǐ', 'meaning': '指说话、做事很讲道理'}, - '理直气壮': {'pinyin': 'lǐ zhí qì zhuàng', 'meaning': '理由充分,说话气势就壮'}, - '壮志凌云': {'pinyin': 'zhuàng zhì líng yún', 'meaning': '壮志:宏大的志愿;凌云:直上云霄。形容理想宏伟远大'}, - '云蒸霞蔚': {'pinyin': 'yún zhēng xiá wèi', 'meaning': '蒸:上升;蔚:聚集。像云霞升腾聚集起来。形容景物灿烂绚丽'}, - '蔚为大观': {'pinyin': 'wèi wéi dà guān', 'meaning': '蔚:茂盛;大观:盛大的景象。发展成为盛大壮观的景象。形容事物美好繁多,给人一种盛大的印象'}, - '观者如织': {'pinyin': 'guān zhě rú zhī', 'meaning': '织:编织的衣物。观众像编织起来的衣物一样密。形容观看的人非常多'}, - '织当访婢': {'pinyin': 'zhī dāng fǎng bì', 'meaning': '比喻办事应该向内行请教'}, - '婢作夫人': {'pinyin': 'bì zuò fū rén', 'meaning': '婢:侍女;夫人:主妇。旧时指在文艺方面虽刻意模仿别人,但才力和作品的规模总赶不上'}, - '人尽其才': {'pinyin': 'rén jìn qí cái', 'meaning': '每个人都能充分发挥自己的才能'}, - '才疏学浅': {'pinyin': 'cái shū xué qiǎn', 'meaning': '疏:浅薄。才学不高,学识不深(多用作自谦的话)'}, - '浅尝辄止': {'pinyin': 'qiǎn cháng zhé zhǐ', 'meaning': '辄:就。略微尝试一下就停下来。指不深入钻研'}, - '止谈风月': {'pinyin': 'zhǐ tán fēng yuè', 'meaning': '止:只,仅。只谈风、月等景物。隐指莫谈国事'}, - '月白风清': {'pinyin': 'yuè bái fēng qīng', 'meaning': '形容幽静美好的夜晚'}, - '清风徐来': {'pinyin': 'qīng fēng xú lái', 'meaning': '清风缓缓地吹来'}, - '来之不易': {'pinyin': 'lái zhī bù yì', 'meaning': '来之:使之来。得到它不容易。表示财物的取得或事物的成功是不容易的'}, - '易如反掌': {'pinyin': 'yì rú fǎn zhǎng', 'meaning': '象翻一下手掌那样容易。比喻事情非常容易做'}, - '掌上明珠': {'pinyin': 'zhǎng shàng míng zhū', 'meaning': '比喻接受父母疼爱的儿女,特指女儿'}, - '珠联璧合': {'pinyin': 'zhū lián bì hé', 'meaning': '璧:平圆形中间有孔的玉。珍珠联串在一起,美玉结合在一块。比喻杰出的人才或美好的事物结合在一起'}, - '合二为一': {'pinyin': 'hé èr wéi yī', 'meaning': '指将两者合为一个整体'}, - '一视同仁': {'pinyin': 'yī shì tóng rén', 'meaning': '原指圣人对百姓一样看待,同施仁爱。后多表示对人同样看待,不分厚薄'}, - '仁至义尽': {'pinyin': 'rén zhì yì jìn', 'meaning': '至:极,最;尽:全部用出。竭尽仁义之道。指人的善意和帮助已经做到了最大限度'}, - '尽善尽美': {'pinyin': 'jìn shàn jìn měi', 'meaning': '极其完善,极其美好。指完美到没有一点缺点'}, - '美中不足': {'pinyin': 'měi zhōng bù zú', 'meaning': '大体很好,但还有不足'}, - '足智多谋': {'pinyin': 'zú zhì duō móu', 'meaning': '足:充实,足够;智:聪明、智慧;谋:计谋。富有智慧,善于谋划。形容人善于料事和用计'}, - '谋事在人': {'pinyin': 'móu shì zài rén', 'meaning': '谋:谋划,安排。根据个人的能力策划事情'}, - '人定胜天': {'pinyin': 'rén dìng shèng tiān', 'meaning': '人定:指人谋。指人力能够战胜自然'}, - '天经地义': {'pinyin': 'tiān jīng dì yì', 'meaning': '经:规范,原则;义:正理。天地间历久不变的常道。指绝对正确,不能改变的道理。也指理所当然的事'}, - '义薄云天': {'pinyin': 'yì báo yún tiān', 'meaning': '正义之气直上高空。形容为正义而斗争的精神极其崇高'}, - '天长地久': {'pinyin': 'tiān cháng dì jiǔ', 'meaning': '跟天和地存在的时间那样长。形容时间悠久。也形容永远不变(多指爱情)'}, - '久别重逢': {'pinyin': 'jiǔ bié chóng féng', 'meaning': '指朋友或亲人在长久分别之后再次见面'}, - '逢凶化吉': {'pinyin': 'féng xiōng huà jí', 'meaning': '逢:遭遇;凶:不幸;吉:吉利、吉祥。遇到凶险转化为吉祥、顺利。这是带有迷信的说法'}, - '吉祥如意': {'pinyin': 'jí xiáng rú yì', 'meaning': '祥:祥瑞。如意称心。多用祝颂他人美满称心'}, - '意气风发': {'pinyin': 'yì qì fēng fā', 'meaning': '意气:意志和气概;风发:象风吹一样迅猛。形容精神振奋,气概豪迈'}, - '发人深省': {'pinyin': 'fā rén shēn xǐng', 'meaning': '发:启发;省:醒悟。启发人深刻思考,有所醒悟'}, - '省吃俭用': {'pinyin': 'shěng chī jiǎn yòng', 'meaning': '形容生活简朴,吃用节俭'}, - '用兵如神': {'pinyin': 'yòng bīng rú shén', 'meaning': '调兵遣将如同神人。形容善于指挥作战'}, - '神通广大': {'pinyin': 'shén tōng guǎng dà', 'meaning': '神通:原是佛家语,指神奇的法术。法术广大无边。形容本领高超,无所不能'}, - '大智若愚': {'pinyin': 'dà zhì ruò yú', 'meaning': '某些才智出众的人,看来好象愚笨,不露锋芒'}, - '愚公移山': {'pinyin': 'yú gōng yí shān', 'meaning': '比喻坚持不懈地改造自然和坚定不移地进行斗争'}, - '山高水长': {'pinyin': 'shān gāo shuǐ cháng', 'meaning': '象山一样高耸,如水一般长流。原比喻人的风范或声誉象高山一样永远存在。后比喻恩德深厚'}, - '长生不老': {'pinyin': 'cháng shēng bù lǎo', 'meaning': '长生:永生。原为道教的话,后也用作对年长者的祝愿语'}, - '老当益壮': {'pinyin': 'lǎo dāng yì zhuàng', 'meaning': '当:应该;益:更加;壮:雄壮。年纪虽老而志气更旺盛,干劲更足'}, - '壮志未酬': {'pinyin': 'zhuàng zhì wèi chóu', 'meaning': '酬:实现。旧指潦倒的一生,志向没有实现就衰老了。也指抱负没有实现就去世了'}, - '踌躇满志': {'pinyin': 'chóu chú mǎn zhì', 'meaning': '踌躇:从容自得的样子;满:满足;志:志愿。形容对自己取得的成就非常得意'}, - '志同道合': {'pinyin': 'zhì tóng dào hé', 'meaning': '道:途径。志趣相同,意见一致'}, - '合浦珠还': {'pinyin': 'hé pǔ zhū huán', 'meaning': '合浦:汉代郡名,在今广西合浦县东北。比喻东西失而复得或人去而复回'}, - '还淳返朴': {'pinyin': 'huán chún fǎn pǔ', 'meaning': '回复到人本来的淳厚、朴实的状态或本性'}, - '朴实无华': {'pinyin': 'pǔ shí wú huá', 'meaning': '质朴实在而不浮华'}, - '华而不实': {'pinyin': 'huá ér bù shí', 'meaning': '华:开花。花开得好看,但不结果实。比喻外表好看,内容空虚'}, - '实事求是': {'pinyin': 'shí shì qiú shì', 'meaning': '指从实际对象出发,探求事物的内部联系及其发展的规律性,认识事物的本质。通常指按照事物的实际情况办事'}, - '是是非非': {'pinyin': 'shì shì fēi fēi', 'meaning': '把对的认为是对的,把错的认为是错的。比喻是非、好坏分得非常清楚'}, - '非池中物': {'pinyin': 'fēi chí zhōng wù', 'meaning': '不是长期蛰居池塘中的小动物。比喻有远大抱负的人终究要做大事'}, - '物尽其用': {'pinyin': 'wù jìn qí yòng', 'meaning': '各种东西凡有可用之处,都要尽量利用。指充分利用资源,一点不浪费'}, - '用兵如神': {'pinyin': 'yòng bīng rú shén', 'meaning': '调兵遣将如同神人。形容善于指挥作战'}, - '神采奕奕': {'pinyin': 'shén cǎi yì yì', 'meaning': '奕奕:精神焕发的样子。形容精神饱满,容光焕发'}, - '奕奕欲生': {'pinyin': 'yì yì yù shēng', 'meaning': '奕奕:精神焕发的样子。指艺术形象非常逼真,如同活的一样'}, - '生龙活虎': {'pinyin': 'shēng lóng huó hǔ', 'meaning': '形容活泼矫健,富有生气'}, - '虎落平川': {'pinyin': 'hǔ luò píng chuān', 'meaning': '平川:地势平坦的地方。老虎离开自己称王称霸的深山老林,落到了平地上。比喻有权有势或有实力者失去了自己的权势或优势'}, - '川流不息': {'pinyin': 'chuān liú bù xī', 'meaning': '川:河流。形容行人、车马等象水流一样连续不断'}, - '息息相关': {'pinyin': 'xī xī xiāng guān', 'meaning': '息:呼吸时进出的气。呼吸也相互关联。形容彼此的关系非常密切'}, - '关门大吉': {'pinyin': 'guān mén dà jí', 'meaning': '指商店倒闭或企业破产停业'}, - '吉祥如意': {'pinyin': 'jí xiáng rú yì', 'meaning': '祥:祥瑞。如意称心。多用祝颂他人美满称心'}, - '意气相投': {'pinyin': 'yì qì xiāng tóu', 'meaning': '意气:志趣性格;投:合得来。指志趣和性格相同的人,彼此投合'}, - '投机取巧': {'pinyin': 'tóu jī qǔ qiǎo', 'meaning': '指用不正当的手段谋取私利。也指靠小聪明占便宜'}, - '巧夺天工': {'pinyin': 'qiǎo duó tiān gōng', 'meaning': '夺:胜过。人工的精巧胜过天然。形容技艺十分巧妙'}, - '工欲善其事,必先利其器': {'pinyin': 'gōng yù shàn qí shì,bì xiān lì qí qì', 'meaning': '工匠想要使他的工作做好,一定要先让工具锋利。比喻要做好一件事,准备工作非常重要'}, - '器宇轩昂': {'pinyin': 'qì yǔ xuān áng', 'meaning': '形容人精力充沛,风度不凡'}, - '昂首挺胸': {'pinyin': 'áng shǒu tǐng xiōng', 'meaning': '抬起头,挺起胸膛。形容斗志高,士气旺'}, - '胸无点墨': {'pinyin': 'xiōng wú diǎn mò', 'meaning': '肚子里没有一点墨水。指人没有文化'}, - '墨守成规': {'pinyin': 'mò shǒu chéng guī', 'meaning': '墨守:战国时墨翟善于守城;成规:现成的或久已通行的规则、方法。指思想保守,守着老规矩不肯改变'}, - '规规矩矩': {'pinyin': 'guī guī jǔ jǔ', 'meaning': '指人的品行方正,谨守礼法'}, - '矩步方行': {'pinyin': 'jǔ bù fāng xíng', 'meaning': '行走时步伐端方合度。指行为举止合乎礼仪规范'}, - '行尸走肉': {'pinyin': 'xíng shī zǒu ròu', 'meaning': '行尸:可以走动的尸体;走肉:会走动而没有灵魂的躯壳。比喻不动脑筋,不起作用,糊里糊涂过日子的人'}, - '肉袒牵羊': {'pinyin': 'ròu tǎn qiān yáng', 'meaning': '肉袒:光着身子;牵羊:牵着羊。古代战败投降的仪式'}, - '羊肠小道': {'pinyin': 'yáng cháng xiǎo dào', 'meaning': '曲折而极窄的路(多指山路)'}, - '道听途说': {'pinyin': 'dào tīng tú shuō', 'meaning': '道、途:路。路上听来的、路上传播的话。泛指没有根据的传闻'}, - '说长道短': {'pinyin': 'shuō cháng dào duǎn', 'meaning': '议论别人的好坏是非'}, - '短兵相接': {'pinyin': 'duǎn bīng xiāng jiē', 'meaning': '短兵:刀剑等短兵器;接:交战。指近距离搏斗。比喻面对面地进行激烈的斗争'}, - '接二连三': {'pinyin': 'jiē èr lián sān', 'meaning': '一个接着一个,接连不断'}, - '三心二意': {'pinyin': 'sān xīn èr yì', 'meaning': '又想这样又想那样,犹豫不定。常指不安心,不专一'}, - '意气风发': {'pinyin': 'yì qì fēng fā', 'meaning': '意气:意志和气概;风发:象风吹一样迅猛。形容精神振奋,气概豪迈'}, - '发扬光大': {'pinyin': 'fā yáng guāng dà', 'meaning': '发扬:发展,提倡;光大:辉煌而盛大。使事业、传统等更加发展壮大'}, - '大快人心': {'pinyin': 'dà kuài rén xīn', 'meaning': '快:痛快。指坏人坏事受到惩罚或打击,使大家非常痛快'}, - '心口如一': {'pinyin': 'xīn kǒu rú yī', 'meaning': '心里想的和嘴里说的一样。形容诚实直爽'}, - '一马平川': {'pinyin': 'yī mǎ píng chuān', 'meaning': '平川:地势平坦的地方。能够纵马疾驰的一片广阔平地。指广阔的平原'}, - '川流不息': {'pinyin': 'chuān liú bù xī', 'meaning': '川:河流。形容行人、车马等象水流一样连续不断'}, - '息事宁人': {'pinyin': 'xī shì níng rén', 'meaning': '息:平息;宁:使安定。原指不生事,不骚扰百姓,后指调解纠纷,使事情平息下来,消除事端,使人们平安相处'}, - '人仰马翻': {'pinyin': 'rén yǎng mǎ fān', 'meaning': '人马被打得仰翻在地。形容被打得惨败。也比喻乱得一塌糊涂,不可收拾'}, - '翻江倒海': {'pinyin': 'fān jiāng dǎo hǎi', 'meaning': '原形容雨势大,后形容力量或声势非常壮大'}, - '海阔天空': {'pinyin': 'hǎi kuò tiān kōng', 'meaning': '象大海一样辽阔,象天空一样无边无际。形容大自然的广阔。比喻言谈议论等漫无边际,没有中心'}, - '空穴来风': {'pinyin': 'kōng xué lái fēng', 'meaning': '穴:孔、洞;来:招致。有了洞穴才进风。比喻消息和谣言的传播不是完全没有原因的。也比喻流言乘机会传开来'}, - '风调雨顺': {'pinyin': 'fēng tiáo yǔ shùn', 'meaning': '调:调和;顺:和协。风雨及时适宜。形容风雨适合农时'}, - '顺手牵羊': {'pinyin': 'shùn shǒu qiān yáng', 'meaning': '顺手把人家的羊牵走。比喻趁势将敌手捉住或乘机利用别人。现比喻乘机拿走别人的东西'}, - '羊质虎皮': {'pinyin': 'yáng zhì hǔ pí', 'meaning': '质:本性。羊虽然披上虎皮,还是见到草就喜欢,碰到豺狼就怕得发抖,它的本性没有变。比喻外表装作强大而实际上很胆小'}, - '皮里阳秋': {'pinyin': 'pí lǐ yáng qiū', 'meaning': '指藏在心里不说出来的言论'}, - '秋高气爽': {'pinyin': 'qiū gāo qì shuǎng', 'meaning': '形容秋季晴空万里,天气清爽'}, - '爽然若失': {'pinyin': 'shuǎng rán ruò shī', 'meaning': '爽然:主意不定的样子;若失:象失去依靠。形容心中无主、空虚怅惘的神态'}, - '失之东隅,收之桑榆': {'pinyin': 'shī zhī dōng yú,shōu zhī sāng yú', 'meaning': '东隅:东方日出处,指早晨;桑、榆:指日落处,也指日暮。比喻开始在这一方面失败了,最后在另一方面取得胜利'}, - '榆木脑袋': {'pinyin': 'yú mù nǎo dài', 'meaning': '比喻思想顽固'}, - '呆若木鸡': {'pinyin': 'dāi ruò mù jī', 'meaning': '呆:傻,发愣的样子。呆得象木头鸡一样。形容因恐惧或惊异而发愣的样子'}, - '鸡飞狗跳': {'pinyin': 'jī fēi gǒu tiào', 'meaning': '把鸡吓得飞起来,把狗吓得到处乱跳。形容惊慌得乱成一团'}, - '跳梁小丑': {'pinyin': 'tiào liáng xiǎo chǒu', 'meaning': '跳梁:腾跃跳动;小丑:对人的卑称。比喻猖狂捣乱而成不了大气候的坏人'}, - '丑态百出': {'pinyin': 'chǒu tài bǎi chū', 'meaning': '各种丑恶的样子都表现出来了'}, - '出尔反尔': {'pinyin': 'chū ěr fǎn ěr', 'meaning': '尔:你;反:通“返”,回。原意是你怎样做,就会得到怎样的后果。现指人的言行反复无常,前后自相矛盾'}, - '尔虞我诈': {'pinyin': 'ěr yú wǒ zhà', 'meaning': '尔:你;虞、诈:欺骗。表示彼此互相欺骗'}, - '诈败佯输': {'pinyin': 'zhà bài yáng shū', 'meaning': '诈、佯:假装。假装败阵,引人上当'}, - '输肝剖胆': {'pinyin': 'shū gān pōu dǎn', 'meaning': '比喻对人极为忠诚'}, - '胆大心细': {'pinyin': 'dǎn dà xīn xì', 'meaning': '形容办事果断,考虑周密'}, - '细水长流': {'pinyin': 'xì shuǐ cháng liú', 'meaning': '比喻节约使用财物,使经常不缺用。也比喻一点一滴不间断地做某件事'}, - '流言蜚语': {'pinyin': 'liú yán fēi yǔ', 'meaning': '毫无根据的话。指背后散布的诽谤性的坏话'}, - '语重心长': {'pinyin': 'yǔ zhòng xīn cháng', 'meaning': '话深刻有力,情意深长'}, - '长驱直入': {'pinyin': 'cháng qū zhí rù', 'meaning': '长驱:不停顿地策马快跑;直入:一直往前。指长距离不停顿的快速行进。形容进军迅猛,不可阻挡'}, - '入木三分': {'pinyin': 'rù mù sān fēn', 'meaning': '相传王羲之在木板上写字,木工刻时,发现字迹透入木板三分深。形容书法极有笔力。现多比喻分析问题很深刻'}, - '分道扬镳': {'pinyin': 'fēn dào yáng biāo', 'meaning': '分路而行。比喻目标不同,各走各的路或各干各的事'}, - '标新立异': {'pinyin': 'biāo xīn lì yì', 'meaning': '标:提出,写明;异:不同的,特别的。提出新奇的主张,表示与众不同'}, - '异想天开': {'pinyin': 'yì xiǎng tiān kāi', 'meaning': '异:奇异;天开:比喻凭空的、根本没有的事情。指想法很不切实际,非常奇怪'}, - '开天辟地': {'pinyin': 'kāi tiān pì dì', 'meaning': '古代神话传说:盘古氏开辟天地,开始有人类历史。后常比喻空前的,自古以来没有过的'}, - '地老天荒': {'pinyin': 'dì lǎo tiān huāng', 'meaning': '指经历的时间极久'}, - '荒无人烟': {'pinyin': 'huāng wú rén yān', 'meaning': '人烟:指住户、居民,因有炊烟的地方就有人居住。形容地方偏僻荒凉,见不到人家'}, - '烟消云散': {'pinyin': 'yān xiāo yún sàn', 'meaning': '象烟云消散一样。比喻事物消失得干干净净'}, - '散兵游勇': {'pinyin': 'sàn bīng yóu yǒng', 'meaning': '勇:清代指战争期间临时招募的士兵。原指没有统帅的逃散士兵。现有指没有组织的集体队伍里独自行动的人'}, - '勇往直前': {'pinyin': 'yǒng wǎng zhí qián', 'meaning': '勇敢地一直向前进'}, - '前赴后继': {'pinyin': 'qián fù hòu jì', 'meaning': '前面的冲上去了,后面的紧跟上来。形容不断投入战斗,奋勇冲杀向前'}, - '继往开来': {'pinyin': 'jì wǎng kāi lái', 'meaning': '继:继承;开:开辟。继承前人的事业,开辟未来的道路'}, - '来者不拒': {'pinyin': 'lái zhě bù jù', 'meaning': '拒:拒绝。对于有所求而来的人或送上门来的东西概不拒绝'}, - '拒之门外': {'pinyin': 'jù zhī mén wài', 'meaning': '拒:拒绝。把人挡在门外,不让其进入,形容拒绝协商或共事'}, - '外柔内刚': {'pinyin': 'wài róu nèi gāng', 'meaning': '柔:柔弱;内:内心。外表柔和而内心刚正'}, - '刚愎自用': {'pinyin': 'gāng bì zì yòng', 'meaning': '愎:任性;刚愎:强硬回执;自用:自以为是。十分固执自信,不考虑别人的意见'}, - '用兵如神': {'pinyin': 'yòng bīng rú shén', 'meaning': '调兵遣将如同神人。形容善于指挥作战'}, - '神出鬼没': {'pinyin': 'shén chū guǐ mò', 'meaning': '出:出现;没:消失。象神鬼那样出没无常。形容出没无常,不可捉摸。后泛指行动变化迅速'}, - '没齿难忘': {'pinyin': 'mò chǐ nán wàng', 'meaning': '没齿:终身。一辈子也忘不了'}, - '忘乎所以': {'pinyin': 'wàng hū suǒ yǐ', 'meaning': '指因过分兴奋或得意而忘了应有的举止'}, - '以逸待劳': {'pinyin': 'yǐ yì dài láo', 'meaning': '逸:安闲;劳:疲劳。指在战争中做好充分准备,养精蓄锐,等疲乏的敌人来犯时给以迎头痛击'}, - '劳燕分飞': {'pinyin': 'láo yàn fēn fēi', 'meaning': '劳:伯劳。伯劳、燕子各飞东西。比喻夫妻、情侣别离'}, - '飞蛾扑火': {'pinyin': 'fēi é pū huǒ', 'meaning': '飞蛾扑到火上,比喻自取灭亡'}, - '火上浇油': {'pinyin': 'huǒ shàng jiāo yóu', 'meaning': '往火上倒油。比喻使人更加愤怒或使情况更加严重'}, - '油腔滑调': {'pinyin': 'yóu qiāng huá diào', 'meaning': '形容说话轻浮油滑,不诚恳,不严肃'}, - '调虎离山': {'pinyin': 'diào hǔ lí shān', 'meaning': '设法使老虎离开原来的山冈。比喻用计使对方离开原来的有利位置'}, - '山高水长': {'pinyin': 'shān gāo shuǐ cháng', 'meaning': '象山一样高耸,如水一般长流。原比喻人的风范或声誉象高山一样永远存在。后比喻恩德深厚'}, - '长年累月': {'pinyin': 'cháng nián lěi yuè', 'meaning': '长年:整年;累月:很多个月。形容经过了很多年月'}, - '月黑风高': {'pinyin': 'yuè hēi fēng gāo', 'meaning': '比喻没有月光风也很大的夜晚。比喻险恶的环境'}, - '高瞻远瞩': {'pinyin': 'gāo zhān yuǎn zhǔ', 'meaning': '瞻:视,望;瞩:注视。站得高,看得远。比喻眼光远大'}, - '瞩望将来': {'pinyin': 'zhǔ wàng jiāng lái', 'meaning': '期待着将来'}, - '来日方长': {'pinyin': 'lái rì fāng cháng', 'meaning': '来日:未来的日子;方:正。将来的日子还长着呢。表示事有可为或将来还有机会'}, - '长话短说': {'pinyin': 'cháng huà duǎn shuō', 'meaning': '要说的话很多,一时不能说清,只用扼要的几句话表明主要意思'}, - '说三道四': {'pinyin': 'shuō sān dào sì', 'meaning': '形容不负责任地胡乱议论'}, - '四面楚歌': {'pinyin': 'sì miàn chǔ gē', 'meaning': '比喻陷入四面受敌、孤立无援的境地'}, - '歌功颂德': {'pinyin': 'gē gōng sòng dé', 'meaning': '歌、颂:颂扬。颂扬功绩和德行'}, - '德高望重': {'pinyin': 'dé gāo wàng zhòng', 'meaning': '德:品德;望:声望。道德高尚,名望很大'}, - '重蹈覆辙': {'pinyin': 'chóng dǎo fù zhé', 'meaning': '蹈:踏;覆:翻;辙:车轮辗过的痕迹。重新走上翻过车的老路。比喻不吸取教训,再走失败的老路'}, - '辙乱旗靡': {'pinyin': 'zhé luàn qí mǐ', 'meaning': '辙:车辙;靡:倒下。车辙错乱,旗子倒下。形容军队溃败逃窜'}, - '靡靡之音': {'pinyin': 'mǐ mǐ zhī yīn', 'meaning': '靡靡:柔弱,萎靡不振。使人萎靡不振的音乐。指颓废的、低级趣味的乐曲'}, - '音容笑貌': {'pinyin': 'yīn róng xiào mào', 'meaning': '谈笑时的容貌和神态。用以怀念故人的声音容貌和神情'}, - '貌合神离': {'pinyin': 'mào hé shén lí', 'meaning': '貌:外表;神:内心。表面上关系很密切,实际上是两条心'}, - '离心离德': {'pinyin': 'lí xīn lí dé', 'meaning': '思想不统一,信念也不一致。指不一条心'}, - '德艺双馨': {'pinyin': 'dé yì shuāng xīn', 'meaning': '形容一个人的德行和艺术(技艺)都具有良好的声誉。一般指从事艺术的人'}, - '馨香祷祝': {'pinyin': 'xīn xiāng dǎo zhù', 'meaning': '馨香:烧香;祷祝:祷告祝愿。原指迷信的人虔诚地向神祈祷祝愿。后引申指真诚地期望'}, - '祝哽祝噎': {'pinyin': 'zhù gěng zhù yē', 'meaning': '祝:祷祝;哽、噎:食物塞住喉咙。古代帝王敬老、养老的表示:请年老致仕者饮酒吃饭,设置专人祷祝他们不哽不噎'}, - '噎膈反胃': {'pinyin': 'yē gé fǎn wèi', 'meaning': '中医病名,即食道癌、胃癌'}, - '位高权重': {'pinyin': 'wèi gāo quán zhòng', 'meaning': '地位高,权力大'}, - '重见天日': {'pinyin': 'chóng jiàn tiān rì', 'meaning': '重新看到了天和太阳。比喻脱离黑暗,重见光明'}, - '日新月异': {'pinyin': 'rì xīn yuè yì', 'meaning': '新:更新;异:不同。每天都在更新,每月都有变化。指发展或进步迅速,不断出现新事物、新气象'}, - '异曲同工': {'pinyin': 'yì qǔ tóng gōng', 'meaning': '工:细致,巧妙;异:不同的。不同的曲调演得同样好。比喻话的说法不一而用意相同,或一件事情的做法不同而都巧妙地达到目的'}, - '工力悉敌': {'pinyin': 'gōng lì xī dí', 'meaning': '工力:功夫和力量;悉:完全;敌:相当。双方用的功夫和力量相当。常形容两个优秀的艺术作品不分上下'}, - '敌众我寡': {'pinyin': 'dí zhòng wǒ guǎ', 'meaning': '敌方人数多,我方人数少。形容双方对峙,众寡悬殊'}, - '寡不敌众': {'pinyin': 'guǎ bù dí zhòng', 'meaning': '寡:少;敌:抵挡;众:多。人少的抵挡不住人多的'}, - '众志成城': {'pinyin': 'zhòng zhì chéng chéng', 'meaning': '万众一心,像坚固的城墙一样不可摧毁。比喻团结一致,力量无比强大'}, - '城门失火,殃及池鱼': {'pinyin': 'chéng mén shī huǒ,yāng jí chí yú', 'meaning': '城门失火,大家都到护城河取水,水用完了,鱼也死了。比喻因受连累而遭到损失或祸害'}, - '鱼目混珠': {'pinyin': 'yú mù hùn zhū', 'meaning': '混:搀杂,冒充。拿鱼眼睛冒充珍珠。比喻用假的冒充真的'}, - '珠联璧合': {'pinyin': 'zhū lián bì hé', 'meaning': '璧:平圆形中间有孔的玉。珍珠联串在一起,美玉结合在一块。比喻杰出的人才或美好的事物结合在一起'}, - '合情合理': {'pinyin': 'hé qíng hé lǐ', 'meaning': '符合情理'}, - '理屈词穷': {'pinyin': 'lǐ qū cí qióng', 'meaning': '屈:短,亏;穷:尽。由于理亏而无话可说'}, - '穷途末路': {'pinyin': 'qióng tú mò lù', 'meaning': '穷途:处境困窘。形容到了无路可走的地步'}, - '路不拾遗': {'pinyin': 'lù bù shí yí', 'meaning': '遗:失物。路上没有人把别人丢失的东西捡走。形容社会风气好'}, - '遗臭万年': {'pinyin': 'yí chòu wàn nián', 'meaning': '遗臭:死后留下的恶名。死后恶名一直流传,永远被人唾骂'}, - '年富力强': {'pinyin': 'nián fù lì qiáng', 'meaning': '年富:未来的年岁多。形容年纪轻,精力旺盛'}, - '强人所难': {'pinyin': 'qiǎng rén suǒ nán', 'meaning': '勉强人家去做他不能做或不愿做的事情'}, - '难能可贵': {'pinyin': 'nán néng kě guì', 'meaning': '难能:极难做到。指不容易做到的事居然能做到,非常可贵'}, - '贵不可言': {'pinyin': 'guì bù kě yán', 'meaning': '旧时多用以称人贵有帝王、母后之相。此话不能直言,故婉称之'}, - '言听计从': {'pinyin': 'yán tīng jì cóng', 'meaning': '听:听从。什么话都听从,什么主意都采纳。形容对某人十分信任'}, - '从容不迫': {'pinyin': 'cóng róng bù pò', 'meaning': '从容:不慌不忙,很镇静;不迫:不急促。不慌不忙,沉着镇定'}, - '迫不及待': {'pinyin': 'pò bù jí dài', 'meaning': '迫:紧急。急迫得不能等待。形容心情急切'}, - '待价而沽': {'pinyin': 'dài jià ér gū', 'meaning': '沽:卖。等有好价钱才卖。比喻谁给好的待遇就替谁工作'}, - '沽名钓誉': {'pinyin': 'gū míng diào yù', 'meaning': '沽:买;钓:用饵引鱼上钩,比喻骗取。用某种不正当的手段捞取名誉'}, - '誉满天下': {'pinyin': 'yù mǎn tiān xià', 'meaning': '美好的名声天下皆知'}, - '下里巴人': {'pinyin': 'xià lǐ bā rén', 'meaning': '原指战国时代楚国民间流行的一种歌曲。比喻通俗的文学艺术'}, - '人杰地灵': {'pinyin': 'rén jié dì líng', 'meaning': '杰:杰出;灵:好。指有杰出的人降生或到过,其地也就成了名胜之区'}, - '灵机一动': {'pinyin': 'líng jī yī dòng', 'meaning': '灵机:灵活的心思。急忙中转了一下念头(多指临时想出了一个办法)'}, - '动魄惊心': {'pinyin': 'dòng pò jīng xīn', 'meaning': '使人神魂震惊。原指文辞优美,意境深远,使人感受极深,震动极大。后常形容使人十分惊骇紧张到极点'}, - '心灰意冷': {'pinyin': 'xīn huī yì lěng', 'meaning': '灰心失望,意志消沉'}, - '冷眼旁观': {'pinyin': 'lěng yǎn páng guān', 'meaning': '指不参与其事,站在一旁看事情的发展'}, - '观过知仁': {'pinyin': 'guān guò zhī rén', 'meaning': '察看一个人所犯过错的性质,就可以了解他的为人'}, - '仁至义尽': {'pinyin': 'rén zhì yì jìn', 'meaning': '至:极,最;尽:全部用出。竭尽仁义之道。指人的善意和帮助已经做到了最大限度'}, - '尽善尽美': {'pinyin': 'jìn shàn jìn měi', 'meaning': '极其完善,极其美好。指完美到没有一点缺点'}, - '美轮美奂': {'pinyin': 'měi lún měi huàn', 'meaning': '轮:高大;奂:众多。形容房屋高大华丽'}, - '焕然一新': {'pinyin': 'huàn rán yī xīn', 'meaning': '焕然:鲜明光亮的样子。改变旧面貌,出现崭新的气象'}, - '新婚燕尔': {'pinyin': 'xīn hūn yàn ěr', 'meaning': '原为弃妇诉说原夫再娶与新欢作乐,后反其意,用作庆贺新婚之辞。形容新婚时的欢乐'}, - '尔诈我虞': {'pinyin': 'ěr zhà wǒ yú', 'meaning': '尔:你;虞、诈:欺骗。表示彼此互相欺骗'}, - '虞诈相倾': {'pinyin': 'yú zhà xiāng qīng', 'meaning': '互相欺骗,彼此倾轧'}, - '倾国倾城': {'pinyin': 'qīng guó qīng chéng', 'meaning': '倾:倾覆;城:国。原指因女色而亡国。后多形容妇女容貌极美'}, - '城北徐公': {'pinyin': 'chéng běi xú gōng', 'meaning': '原指战国时期齐国姓徐的美男子。后作美男子的代称'}, - '公而忘私': {'pinyin': 'gōng ér wàng sī', 'meaning': '为了公事而不考虑私事,为了集体利益而不考虑个人得失'}, - '私心杂念': {'pinyin': 'sī xīn zá niàn', 'meaning': '为个人利益打算的种种念头'}, - '念念不忘': {'pinyin': 'niàn niàn bù wàng', 'meaning': '念念:时刻思念着。形容牢记于心,时刻不忘'}, - '忘年之交': {'pinyin': 'wàng nián zhī jiāo', 'meaning': '年辈不相当而结交为朋友'}, - '交头接耳': {'pinyin': 'jiāo tóu jiē ěr', 'meaning': '交头:头靠着头;接耳:嘴凑近耳朵。形容两个人凑近低声交谈'}, - '耳濡目染': {'pinyin': 'ěr rú mù rǎn', 'meaning': '濡:沾湿;染:沾染。耳朵经常听到,眼睛经常看到,不知不觉地受到影响'}, - '染苍染黄': {'pinyin': 'rǎn cāng rǎn huáng', 'meaning': '苍:青色。比喻变化不定,反复无常'}, - '黄粱一梦': {'pinyin': 'huáng liáng yī mèng', 'meaning': '黄粱:小米。比喻虚幻不能实现的梦想'}, - '梦寐以求': {'pinyin': 'mèng mèi yǐ qiú', 'meaning': '寐:睡着。做梦的时候都在追求。形容迫切地期望着'}, - '求全责备': {'pinyin': 'qiú quán zé bèi', 'meaning': '求、责:要求;全、备:完备,完美。对人对事物要求十全十美,毫无缺点'}, - '备而不用': {'pinyin': 'bèi ér bù yòng', 'meaning': '准备好了,以备急用,眼下暂存不用'}, - '用舍行藏': {'pinyin': 'yòng shě xíng cáng', 'meaning': '任用就出来做事,不得任用就退隐。这是早时世大夫的处世态度'}, - '藏龙卧虎': {'pinyin': 'cáng lóng wò hǔ', 'meaning': '指隐藏着未被发现的人才,也指隐藏不露的人才'}, - '虎背熊腰': {'pinyin': 'hǔ bèi xióng yāo', 'meaning': '背宽厚如虎,腰粗壮如熊。形容人身体魁梧健壮'}, - '腰缠万贯': {'pinyin': 'yāo chán wàn guàn', 'meaning': '腰缠:指随身携带的财物;贯:旧时用绳索穿钱,每一千文为一贯。比喻钱财极多'}, - '贯通融会': {'pinyin': 'guàn tōng róng huì', 'meaning': '把各方面的知识和道理融化汇合,得到全面透彻的理解'}, - '会少离多': {'pinyin': 'huì shǎo lí duō', 'meaning': '相会少,别离多。感慨人生聚散无常或离别之苦'}, - '多此一举': {'pinyin': 'duō cǐ yī jǔ', 'meaning': '举:行动。指多余的,没有必要的举动'}, - '举世闻名': {'pinyin': 'jǔ shì wén míng', 'meaning': '举世:全世界。全世界都知道。形容非常著名'}, - '名落孙山': {'pinyin': 'míng luò sūn shān', 'meaning': '名字落在榜末孙山的后面。指考试或选拔没有录取'}, - '山盟海誓': {'pinyin': 'shān méng hǎi shì', 'meaning': '指男女相爱时立下的誓言,表示爱情要象山和海一样永恒不变'}, - '誓死不二': {'pinyin': 'shì sǐ bù èr', 'meaning': '誓死:立下志愿,至死不变。至死也不变心。形容意志坚定专一'}, - '二龙戏珠': {'pinyin': 'èr lóng xì zhū', 'meaning': '两条龙相对,戏玩着一颗宝珠'}, - '珠圆玉润': {'pinyin': 'zhū yuán yù rùn', 'meaning': '润:细腻光滑。象珠子一样圆,象玉石一样光润。比喻歌声宛转优美,或文字流畅明快'}, - '润物无声': {'pinyin': 'rùn wù wú shēng', 'meaning': '指有大胸怀者,做了贡献而不张扬,默默奉献'}, - '声东击西': {'pinyin': 'shēng dōng jī xī', 'meaning': '声:声张。指造成要攻打东边的声势,实际上却攻打西边。是使对方产生错觉以出奇制胜的一种战术'}, - '西装革履': {'pinyin': 'xī zhuāng gé lǚ', 'meaning': '身穿西装,脚穿皮鞋。形容衣着入时'}, - '履险如夷': {'pinyin': 'lǚ xiǎn rú yí', 'meaning': '履:行走;夷:平坦。走在危险的地方就象走在平地一样。比喻平安地渡过困境'}, - '夷为平地': {'pinyin': 'yí wéi píng dì', 'meaning': '铲平使成一块平地'}, - '地久天长': {'pinyin': 'dì jiǔ tiān cháng', 'meaning': '时间长,日子久'}, - '长年累月': {'pinyin': 'cháng nián lěi yuè', 'meaning': '形容经过了很多年月'}, - '月白风清': {'pinyin': 'yuè bái fēng qīng', 'meaning': '形容幽静美好的夜晚'}, - '清风朗月': {'pinyin': 'qīng fēng lǎng yuè', 'meaning': '比喻不随便结交朋友。也比喻清闲无事'}, - '月黑风高': {'pinyin': 'yuè hēi fēng gāo', 'meaning': '比喻没有月光风也很大的夜晚。比喻险恶的环境'}, - '高风亮节': {'pinyin': 'gāo fēng liàng jié', 'meaning': '高风:高尚的品格;亮节:坚贞的节操。形容道德和行为都很高尚'}, - '节衣缩食': {'pinyin': 'jié yī suō shí', 'meaning': '省吃省穿。形容节约'}, - '食不果腹': {'pinyin': 'shí bù guǒ fù', 'meaning': '果:充实,饱。指吃不饱肚子。形容生活贫困'}, - '腹背受敌': {'pinyin': 'fù bèi shòu dí', 'meaning': '腹:指前面;背:指后面。前后受到敌人的夹攻'}, - '敌强我弱': {'pinyin': 'dí qiáng wǒ ruò', 'meaning': '敌方力量强大,我方力量薄弱'}, - '弱不禁风': {'pinyin': 'ruò bù jīn fēng', 'meaning': '禁:承受。形容身体娇弱,连风吹都经受不起'}, - '风花雪月': {'pinyin': 'fēng huā xuě yuè', 'meaning': '原指旧时诗文里经常描写的自然景物。后比喻堆砌词藻、内容贫乏空洞的诗文。也指爱情之事或花天酒地的荒淫生活'}, - '月朗星稀': {'pinyin': 'yuè lǎng xīng xī', 'meaning': '皓月当空,星星稀少'}, - '稀奇古怪': {'pinyin': 'xī qí gǔ guài', 'meaning': '指很少见,很奇异,不同一般'}, - '怪诞不经': {'pinyin': 'guài dàn bù jīng', 'meaning': '怪诞:离奇古怪;不经:不合常理。指言语奇怪荒唐,不合常理'}, - '经久不衰': {'pinyin': 'jīng jiǔ bù shuāi', 'meaning': '精神饱满的状态,身体健壮的外表,或幼年期到成年期之间的时期的精神特征;青年人的活力或朝气'}, - '衰草连天': {'pinyin': 'shuāi cǎo lián tiān', 'meaning': '形容荒草遍地,极其荒凉的样子'}, - '天马行空': {'pinyin': 'tiān mǎ xíng kōng', 'meaning': '天马:神马。天马奔腾神速,象是腾起在空中飞行一样。比喻诗文气势豪放。也比喻人浮躁,不踏实'}, - '空穴来风': {'pinyin': 'kōng xué lái fēng', 'meaning': '穴:孔、洞;来:招致。有了洞穴才进风。比喻消息和谣言的传播不是完全没有原因的。也比喻流言乘机会传开来'}, - '风调雨顺': {'pinyin': 'fēng tiáo yǔ shùn', 'meaning': '调:调和;顺:和协。风雨及时适宜。形容风雨适合农时'}, - '顺手牵羊': {'pinyin': 'shùn shǒu qiān yáng', 'meaning': '顺手把人家的羊牵走。比喻趁势将敌手捉住或乘机利用别人。现比喻乘机拿走别人的东西'}, - '羊肠小道': {'pinyin': 'yáng cháng xiǎo dào', 'meaning': '曲折而极窄的路(多指山路)'}, - '道貌岸然': {'pinyin': 'dào mào àn rán', 'meaning': '道貌:正经严肃的容貌;岸然:高傲的样子。指神态严肃,一本正经的样子'}, - '然糠照薪': {'pinyin': 'rán kāng zhào xīn', 'meaning': '烧糠照明。比喻勤奋学习'}, - '薪火相传': {'pinyin': 'xīn huǒ xiāng chuán', 'meaning': '古时候比喻形骸有尽而精神不灭;后人用来比喻学问和技艺代代相传'}, - '传宗接代': {'pinyin': 'chuán zōng jiē dài', 'meaning': '宗:宗教,家族。代:后代。传延宗教,接续后代。旧指生了独生子可以使家世一代一代传下去'}, - '代人受过': {'pinyin': 'dài rén shòu guò', 'meaning': '受:承受,担待;过:过失,过错。替别人承担过错的责任'}, - '过目不忘': {'pinyin': 'guò mù bù wàng', 'meaning': '看过就不忘记。形容记忆力非常强'}, - '忘恩负义': {'pinyin': 'wàng ēn fù yì', 'meaning': '恩:恩惠;负:违背;义:情谊,恩谊。忘记别人对自己的好处,反而做出对不起别人的事'}, - '义薄云天': {'pinyin': 'yì báo yún tiān', 'meaning': '正义之气直上高空。形容为正义而斗争的精神极其崇高'}, - '天长地久': {'pinyin': 'tiān cháng dì jiǔ', 'meaning': '跟天和地存在的时间那样长。形容时间悠久。也形容永远不变(多指爱情)'} + "一心一意": {"pinyin": "yī xīn yī yì", "meaning": "形容做事专心一意,没有其他念头"}, + "意气风发": {"pinyin": "yì qì fēng fā", "meaning": "形容精神振奋,气概豪迈"}, + "发扬光大": {"pinyin": "fā yáng guāng dà", "meaning": "使事业、传统等更加发展壮大"}, + "大材小用": {"pinyin": "dà cái xiǎo yòng", "meaning": "比喻使用不当,浪费人才"}, + "用兵如神": {"pinyin": "yòng bīng rú shén", "meaning": "形容指挥军队作战的才能极高"}, + "神采飞扬": {"pinyin": "shén cǎi fēi yáng", "meaning": "形容精神饱满,容光焕发"}, + "扬长避短": {"pinyin": "yáng cháng bì duǎn", "meaning": "发扬长处,避开短处"}, + "短兵相接": {"pinyin": "duǎn bīng xiāng jiē", "meaning": "比喻面对面地进行激烈的斗争"}, + "接二连三": {"pinyin": "jiē èr lián sān", "meaning": "一个接着一个,接连不断"}, + "三心二意": {"pinyin": "sān xīn èr yì", "meaning": "形容犹豫不决,意志不坚定"}, + "意气用事": {"pinyin": "yì qì yòng shì", "meaning": "凭感情冲动办事,缺乏理智"}, + "事在人为": {"pinyin": "shì zài rén wéi", "meaning": "事情的成功全在于人的努力"}, + "为人师表": {"pinyin": "wéi rén shī biǎo", "meaning": "指在人品学问方面作别人学习的榜样"}, + "表里如一": {"pinyin": "biǎo lǐ rú yī", "meaning": "形容言行和思想完全一致"}, + "一如既往": {"pinyin": "yī rú jì wǎng", "meaning": "指态度没有变化,完全像从前一样"}, + "往返徒劳": {"pinyin": "wǎng fǎn tú láo", "meaning": "来回白跑,没有成效"}, + "劳民伤财": {"pinyin": "láo mín shāng cái", "meaning": "既使人民劳苦,又耗费钱财"}, + "财大气粗": {"pinyin": "cái dà qì cū", "meaning": "指人仗着钱财多而气势凌人"}, + "粗枝大叶": {"pinyin": "cū zhī dà yè", "meaning": "比喻工作粗糙,不认真细致"}, + "叶公好龙": {"pinyin": "yè gōng hào lóng", "meaning": "比喻表面上爱好某事物,实际上并不真爱好"}, + "龙马精神": {"pinyin": "lóng mǎ jīng shén", "meaning": "比喻人精神旺盛"}, + "神采奕奕": {"pinyin": "shén cǎi yì yì", "meaning": "形容精神饱满,容光焕发"}, + "奕奕生辉": {"pinyin": "yì yì shēng huī", "meaning": "形容光彩闪耀的样子"}, + "辉煌腾达": {"pinyin": "huī huáng téng dá", "meaning": "形容事业或成就非常辉煌"}, + "达官贵人": {"pinyin": "dá guān guì rén", "meaning": "指地位高的官吏和显赫的人物"}, + "人山人海": {"pinyin": "rén shān rén hǎi", "meaning": "形容人聚集得非常多"}, + "海阔天空": {"pinyin": "hǎi kuò tiān kōng", "meaning": "比喻言谈议论等漫无边际,没有中心"}, + "空穴来风": {"pinyin": "kōng xué lái fēng", "meaning": "比喻消息和谣言的传播不是完全没有原因的"}, + "风调雨顺": {"pinyin": "fēng tiáo yǔ shùn", "meaning": "形容风雨适合农时"}, + "顺理成章": {"pinyin": "shùn lǐ chéng zhāng", "meaning": "指写文章或做事情顺着条理就能做好"}, + "章句小儒": {"pinyin": "zhāng jù xiǎo rú", "meaning": "指不能通达大义而拘泥于辨析章句的儒生"}, + "儒雅风流": {"pinyin": "rú yǎ fēng liú", "meaning": "形容人学识渊博,举止潇洒"}, + "流芳百世": {"pinyin": "liú fāng bǎi shì", "meaning": "好的名声永远流传下去"}, + "世代相传": {"pinyin": "shì dài xiāng chuán", "meaning": "祖祖辈辈传下来"}, + "传宗接代": {"pinyin": "chuán zōng jiē dài", "meaning": "指生儿育女,延续后代"}, + "代人受过": {"pinyin": "dài rén shòu guò", "meaning": "替别人承担过错的责任"}, + "过目不忘": {"pinyin": "guò mù bù wàng", "meaning": "看过就不忘记,形容记忆力非常强"}, + "忘乎所以": {"pinyin": "wàng hū suǒ yǐ", "meaning": "指因过分兴奋或得意而忘了应有的举止"}, + "以卵击石": {"pinyin": "yǐ luǎn jī shí", "meaning": "比喻不自量力,自取灭亡"}, + "石沉大海": {"pinyin": "shí chén dà hǎi", "meaning": "比喻从此没有消息"}, + "海纳百川": {"pinyin": "hǎi nà bǎi chuān", "meaning": "比喻包容的东西非常广泛,而且数量很大"}, + "川流不息": {"pinyin": "chuān liú bù xī", "meaning": "形容行人、车马等像水流一样连续不断"}, + "息事宁人": {"pinyin": "xī shì níng rén", "meaning": "指调解纠纷,使事情平息下来,消除事端,使人们平安相处"}, + "人山人海": {"pinyin": "rén shān rén hǎi", "meaning": "形容人聚集得非常多"}, + "海底捞月": {"pinyin": "hǎi dǐ lāo yuè", "meaning": "比喻去做根本做不到的事,只能白费力气"}, + "月明星稀": {"pinyin": "yuè míng xīng xī", "meaning": "月亮明亮时,星星就显得稀疏了"}, + "稀奇古怪": {"pinyin": "xī qí gǔ guài", "meaning": "指很少见,很奇异,不同一般"}, + "怪诞不经": {"pinyin": "guài dàn bù jīng", "meaning": "指言语奇怪荒唐,不合常理"}, + "经久不息": {"pinyin": "jīng jiǔ bù xī", "meaning": "经过长时间停不下来"}, + "息息相关": {"pinyin": "xī xī xiāng guān", "meaning": "形容彼此的关系非常密切"}, + "关门大吉": {"pinyin": "guān mén dà jí", "meaning": "指商店倒闭或企业破产停业"}, + "吉祥如意": {"pinyin": "jí xiáng rú yì", "meaning": "多用祝颂他人美满称心"}, + "意气相投": {"pinyin": "yì qì xiāng tóu", "meaning": "指志趣和性格相同的人,彼此投合"}, + "投桃报李": {"pinyin": "tóu táo bào lǐ", "meaning": "比喻友好往来或互相赠送东西"}, + "李代桃僵": {"pinyin": "lǐ dài táo jiāng", "meaning": "比喻互相顶替或代人受过"}, + "僵李代桃": {"pinyin": "jiāng lǐ dài táo", "meaning": "比喻代人受罪责或以此代彼"}, + "桃红柳绿": {"pinyin": "táo hóng liǔ lǜ", "meaning": "形容花木繁盛、色彩鲜艳的春景"}, + "绿水青山": {"pinyin": "lǜ shuǐ qīng shān", "meaning": "泛称美好山河"}, + "山明水秀": {"pinyin": "shān míng shuǐ xiù", "meaning": "形容风景优美"}, + "秀色可餐": {"pinyin": "xiù sè kě cān", "meaning": "形容女子姿容非常美丽或景物非常优美"}, + "餐风露宿": {"pinyin": "cān fēng lù sù", "meaning": "形容旅途或野外工作的辛苦"}, + "宿弊一清": {"pinyin": "sù bì yī qīng", "meaning": "多年的弊病一下就肃清了"}, + "清夜扪心": {"pinyin": "qīng yè mén xīn", "meaning": "指深夜不眠,进行反省"}, + "心花怒放": {"pinyin": "xīn huā nù fàng", "meaning": "心里高兴得像花儿盛开一样,形容极其高兴"}, + "放虎归山": {"pinyin": "fàng hǔ guī shān", "meaning": "比喻把坏人放回老巢,留下祸根"}, + "山高水长": {"pinyin": "shān gāo shuǐ cháng", "meaning": "原比喻人的风范或声誉像高山一样永远存在,后比喻恩德深厚"}, + "长生不老": {"pinyin": "cháng shēng bù lǎo", "meaning": "指生命不老不死永生不灭"}, + "老当益壮": {"pinyin": "lǎo dāng yì zhuàng", "meaning": "年纪虽老而志气更旺盛,干劲更足"}, + "壮志凌云": {"pinyin": "zhuàng zhì líng yún", "meaning": "形容理想宏伟远大"}, + "云开见日": {"pinyin": "yún kāi jiàn rì", "meaning": "比喻黑暗已经过去,光明已经到来"}, + "日新月异": {"pinyin": "rì xīn yuè yì", "meaning": "每天都在更新,每月都有变化,指发展或进步迅速,不断出现新事物、新气象"}, + "异想天开": {"pinyin": "yì xiǎng tiān kāi", "meaning": "比喻荒唐离奇,想象着暂时无法实现的事"}, + "开门见山": {"pinyin": "kāi mén jiàn shān", "meaning": "比喻说话或写文章直截了当谈本题,不拐弯抹角"}, + "山高路远": {"pinyin": "shān gāo lù yuǎn", "meaning": "形容路途艰难而遥远"}, + "远见卓识": {"pinyin": "yuǎn jiàn zhuó shí", "meaning": "有远大的眼光和高明的见解"}, + "识文断字": {"pinyin": "shí wén duàn zì", "meaning": "指识字,指有一点文化知识"}, + "字斟句酌": {"pinyin": "zì zhēn jù zhuó", "meaning": "指写文章或说话时慎重细致,一字一句地推敲琢磨"}, + "酌古御今": {"pinyin": "zhuó gǔ yù jīn", "meaning": "指择古之善者以为治今的借鉴"}, + "今非昔比": {"pinyin": "jīn fēi xī bǐ", "meaning": "现在不是过去能比得上的,多指形势、自然面貌等发生了巨大的变化"}, + "比翼双飞": {"pinyin": "bǐ yì shuāng fēi", "meaning": "比喻夫妻情投意合,在事业上并肩前进"}, + "飞黄腾达": {"pinyin": "fēi huáng téng dá", "meaning": "形容骏马奔腾飞驰,比喻骤然得志,官职升得很快"}, + "达官贵人": {"pinyin": "dá guān guì rén", "meaning": "指地位高的官吏和显赫的人物"}, + "人山人海": {"pinyin": "rén shān rén hǎi", "meaning": "形容人聚集得非常多"}, + "海枯石烂": {"pinyin": "hǎi kū shí làn", "meaning": "海水干涸、石头腐烂,形容历时久远,比喻坚定的意志永远不变"}, + "烂熟于心": {"pinyin": "làn shú yú xīn", "meaning": "形容对某件事情或者事物的发展情况在心里记得很清楚"}, + "心灵手巧": {"pinyin": "xīn líng shǒu qiǎo", "meaning": "心思灵敏,手艺巧妙"}, + "巧夺天工": {"pinyin": "qiǎo duó tiān gōng", "meaning": "人工的精巧胜过天然,形容技艺十分巧妙"}, + "工欲善其事,必先利其器": {"pinyin": "gōng yù shàn qí shì,bì xiān lì qí qì", "meaning": "比喻要做好一件事,准备工作非常重要"}, + "器宇轩昂": {"pinyin": "qì yǔ xuān áng", "meaning": "形容人精力充沛,风度不凡"}, + "昂首挺胸": {"pinyin": "áng shǒu tǐng xiōng", "meaning": "抬起头,挺起胸膛,形容斗志高,士气旺"}, + "胸有成竹": {"pinyin": "xiōng yǒu chéng zhú", "meaning": "原指画竹子要在心里有一幅竹子的形象,后比喻在做事之前已经拿定主意"}, + "竹报平安": {"pinyin": "zhú bào píng ān", "meaning": "比喻平安家信"}, + "安步当车": {"pinyin": "ān bù dàng chē", "meaning": "以从容的步行代替乘车,形容轻松缓慢地行走"}, + "车水马龙": {"pinyin": "chē shuǐ mǎ lóng", "meaning": "形容来往车马很多,连续不断的热闹情景"}, + "龙飞凤舞": {"pinyin": "lóng fēi fèng wǔ", "meaning": "原形容山势的蜿蜒雄壮,后也形容书法笔势有力,灵活舒展"}, + "舞文弄墨": {"pinyin": "wǔ wén nòng mò", "meaning": "故意玩弄文笔,原指曲引法律条文作弊,后常指玩弄文字技巧"}, + "墨守成规": {"pinyin": "mò shǒu chéng guī", "meaning": "指思想保守,守着老规矩不肯改变"}, + "规行矩步": {"pinyin": "guī xíng jǔ bù", "meaning": "指严格按照规矩办事,毫不苟且"}, + "步步为营": {"pinyin": "bù bù wéi yíng", "meaning": "军队每向前推进一步就设下一首营垒,形容防守严密,行动谨慎"}, + "营私舞弊": {"pinyin": "yíng sī wǔ bì", "meaning": "因图谋私利而玩弄欺骗手段做犯法的事"}, + "弊绝风清": {"pinyin": "bì jué fēng qīng", "meaning": "贪污、舞弊的事情没有了,形容坏事绝迹,社会风气良好"}, + "清风明月": {"pinyin": "qīng fēng míng yuè", "meaning": "只与清风、明月为伴,比喻不随便结交朋友,也比喻清闲无事"}, + "月白风清": {"pinyin": "yuè bái fēng qīng", "meaning": "形容幽静美好的夜晚"}, + "清风徐来": {"pinyin": "qīng fēng xú lái", "meaning": "清风缓缓地吹来"}, + "来日方长": {"pinyin": "lái rì fāng cháng", "meaning": "未来的日子还很长,表示事有可为,或劝人不必急于做某事"}, + "长驱直入": {"pinyin": "cháng qū zhí rù", "meaning": "迅速向很远的目的地前进,形容进军迅猛顺利"}, + "入木三分": {"pinyin": "rù mù sān fēn", "meaning": "形容书法极有笔力,现多比喻分析问题很深刻"}, + "分秒必争": {"pinyin": "fēn miǎo bì zhēng", "meaning": "一分一秒也一定要争取,形容抓紧时间"}, + "争先恐后": {"pinyin": "zhēng xiān kǒng hòu", "meaning": "抢着向前,唯恐落后"}, + "后来居上": {"pinyin": "hòu lái jū shàng", "meaning": "后来的超过先前的,用以称赞后起之秀超过前辈"}, + "上行下效": {"pinyin": "shàng xíng xià xiào", "meaning": "上面的人怎么做,下面的人就跟着怎么干"}, + "效颦学步": {"pinyin": "xiào pín xué bù", "meaning": "比喻盲目模仿,效果极坏"}, + "步履维艰": {"pinyin": "bù lǚ wéi jiān", "meaning": "指行走困难行动不方便"}, + "艰苦奋斗": {"pinyin": "jiān kǔ fèn dòu", "meaning": "不怕艰难困苦,坚持英勇斗争"}, + "斗志昂扬": {"pinyin": "dòu zhì áng yáng", "meaning": "斗争的意志旺盛"}, + "扬长而去": {"pinyin": "yáng cháng ér qù", "meaning": "大模大样地径自走了"}, + "去伪存真": {"pinyin": "qù wěi cún zhēn", "meaning": "除掉虚假的,留下真实的"}, + "真相大白": {"pinyin": "zhēn xiàng dà bái", "meaning": "真实情况完全弄明白了"}, + "白头偕老": {"pinyin": "bái tóu xié lǎo", "meaning": "夫妻相亲相爱,一直到老"}, + "老气横秋": {"pinyin": "lǎo qì héng qiū", "meaning": "形容老练而自负的神态,现形容自高自大,摆老资格,也形容缺乏朝气"}, + "秋高气爽": {"pinyin": "qiū gāo qì shuǎng", "meaning": "形容秋季晴空万里,天气清爽"}, + "爽心悦目": {"pinyin": "shuǎng xīn yuè mù", "meaning": "指景色美丽,令人心情愉快"}, + "目瞪口呆": {"pinyin": "mù dèng kǒu dāi", "meaning": "形容因吃惊或害怕而发愣的样子"}, + "呆若木鸡": {"pinyin": "dāi ruò mù jī", "meaning": "形容因恐惧或惊异而发愣的样子"}, + "鸡飞狗跳": {"pinyin": "jī fēi gǒu tiào", "meaning": "把鸡吓得飞起来,把狗吓得到处乱跳,形容惊慌得乱成一团"}, + "跳梁小丑": {"pinyin": "tiào liáng xiǎo chǒu", "meaning": "比喻猖狂捣乱而成不了大气候的坏人"}, + "丑态百出": {"pinyin": "chǒu tài bǎi chū", "meaning": "各种丑恶的样子都表现出来了"}, + "出类拔萃": {"pinyin": "chū lèi bá cuì", "meaning": "超出同类之上,多指人的品德才能"}, + "萃萃学子": {"pinyin": "cuì cuì xué zǐ", "meaning": "众多的学生"}, + "子虚乌有": {"pinyin": "zǐ xū wū yǒu", "meaning": "指假设的、不存在的、不真实的事情"}, + "有目共睹": {"pinyin": "yǒu mù gòng dǔ", "meaning": "指非常明显,谁都看得见"}, + "睹物思人": {"pinyin": "dǔ wù sī rén", "meaning": "看见死去或离别的人留下的东西就想起了这个人"}, + "人山人海": {"pinyin": "rén shān rén hǎi", "meaning": "形容人聚集得非常多"}, + "海阔天空": {"pinyin": "hǎi kuò tiān kōng", "meaning": "比喻言谈议论等漫无边际,没有中心"}, + "空穴来风": {"pinyin": "kōng xué lái fēng", "meaning": "比喻消息和谣言的传播不是完全没有原因的"}, + "风言风语": {"pinyin": "fēng yán fēng yǔ", "meaning": "没有根据的、不怀好意的、带有讥讽的话"}, + "语重心长": {"pinyin": "yǔ zhòng xīn cháng", "meaning": "话深刻有力,情意深长"}, + "长话短说": {"pinyin": "cháng huà duǎn shuō", "meaning": "把要用很多话才能说完的事用简短的话说完"}, + "说三道四": {"pinyin": "shuō sān dào sì", "meaning": "形容不负责任地胡乱议论"}, + "四面楚歌": {"pinyin": "sì miàn chǔ gē", "meaning": "比喻陷入四面受敌、孤立无援的境地"}, + "歌舞升平": {"pinyin": "gē wǔ shēng píng", "meaning": "边歌边舞,庆祝太平,有粉饰太平的意思"}, + "平心静气": {"pinyin": "píng xīn jìng qì", "meaning": "心情平和,态度冷静"}, + "气宇轩昂": {"pinyin": "qì yǔ xuān áng", "meaning": "形容人精力充沛,风度不凡"}, + "昂首阔步": {"pinyin": "áng shǒu kuò bù", "meaning": "抬起头迈开大步向前,形容精神抖擞,意气风发"}, + "步履蹒跚": {"pinyin": "bù lǚ pán shān", "meaning": "走路一瘸一拐的样子,形容走路腿脚不方便,歪歪倒倒的样子"}, + "跚跚来迟": {"pinyin": "shān shān lái chí", "meaning": "形容慢腾腾地来晚了"}, + "迟疑不决": {"pinyin": "chí yí bù jué", "meaning": "形容拿不定主意"}, + "决一雌雄": {"pinyin": "jué yī cí xióng", "meaning": "指较量一下胜败高低"}, + "雄才大略": {"pinyin": "xióng cái dà lüè", "meaning": "非常杰出的才智和谋略"}, + "略知一二": {"pinyin": "lüè zhī yī èr", "meaning": "略微知道一点"}, + "二话不说": {"pinyin": "èr huà bù shuō", "meaning": "不说任何别的话,指立即行动"}, + "说一不二": {"pinyin": "shuō yī bù èr", "meaning": "说怎么样就怎么样,形容说话算数"}, + "二龙戏珠": {"pinyin": "èr lóng xì zhū", "meaning": "两条龙相对,戏玩着一颗宝珠"}, + "珠光宝气": {"pinyin": "zhū guāng bǎo qì", "meaning": "形容妇女服饰华贵富丽,闪耀着珍宝的光色"}, + "气吞山河": {"pinyin": "qì tūn shān hé", "meaning": "气势可以吞没山河,形容气魄很大"}, + "河清海晏": {"pinyin": "hé qīng hǎi yàn", "meaning": "黄河水清,大海平静,形容天下太平"}, + "晏然自若": {"pinyin": "yàn rán zì ruò", "meaning": "形容在紧张状态下沉静如常"}, + "若无其事": {"pinyin": "ruò wú qí shì", "meaning": "好像没有那么回事似的,形容不动声色或漠不关心"}, + "事半功倍": {"pinyin": "shì bàn gōng bèi", "meaning": "指做事得法,因而费力小,收效大"}, + "倍道兼行": {"pinyin": "bèi dào jiān xíng", "meaning": "每天加倍行进,一天走两天的路程,形容加速急行"}, + "行云流水": {"pinyin": "xíng yún liú shuǐ", "meaning": "形容文章自然不受约束,就像漂浮着的云和流动着的水一样"}, + "水落石出": {"pinyin": "shuǐ luò shí chū", "meaning": "水落下去,水底的石头就露出来,比喻事情的真相完全显露出来"}, + "出人头地": {"pinyin": "chū rén tóu dì", "meaning": "指高人一等,形容德才超众或成就突出"}, + "地大物博": {"pinyin": "dì dà wù bó", "meaning": "指国家疆土辽阔,资源丰富"}, + "博古通今": {"pinyin": "bó gǔ tōng jīn", "meaning": "对古代的事知道得很多,并且通晓现代的事情,形容知识丰富"}, + "今不如昔": {"pinyin": "jīn bù rú xī", "meaning": "现在不如过去,多表示对世事的感叹"}, + "昔不如今": {"pinyin": "xī bù rú jīn", "meaning": "现在比过去好"}, + "今非昔比": {"pinyin": "jīn fēi xī bǐ", "meaning": "现在不是过去能比得上的,多指形势、自然面貌等发生了巨大的变化"}, + "比比皆是": {"pinyin": "bǐ bǐ jiē shì", "meaning": "到处都是,形容极其常见"}, + "是非曲直": {"pinyin": "shì fēi qǔ zhí", "meaning": "正确还是不正确,有理还是无理"}, + "直截了当": {"pinyin": "zhí jié liǎo dàng", "meaning": "形容说话做事爽快,不绕弯子"}, + "当机立断": {"pinyin": "dāng jī lì duàn", "meaning": "在紧要时刻立即做出决断"}, + "断章取义": {"pinyin": "duàn zhāng qǔ yì", "meaning": "指不顾全篇文章或谈话的内容,孤立地取其中的一段或一句的意思"}, + "义不容辞": {"pinyin": "yì bù róng cí", "meaning": "道义上不允许推辞"}, + "辞旧迎新": {"pinyin": "cí jiù yíng xīn", "meaning": "告别旧的一年,迎接新的一年的到来"}, + "新陈代谢": {"pinyin": "xīn chén dài xiè", "meaning": "指生物体不断用新物质代替旧物质的过程"}, + "谢天谢地": {"pinyin": "xiè tiān xiè dì", "meaning": "表示目的达到或困难解除后满意轻松的心情"}, + "地老天荒": {"pinyin": "dì lǎo tiān huāng", "meaning": "指经历的时间极久"}, + "荒诞不经": {"pinyin": "huāng dàn bù jīng", "meaning": "形容言论荒谬,不合情理"}, + "经年累月": {"pinyin": "jīng nián lěi yuè", "meaning": "形容经历很长的时间"}, + "月朗风清": {"pinyin": "yuè lǎng fēng qīng", "meaning": "月光明朗,微风清爽,形容宁静美好的月夜"}, + "清风明月": {"pinyin": "qīng fēng míng yuè", "meaning": "只与清风、明月为伴,比喻不随便结交朋友,也比喻清闲无事"}, + "月黑风高": {"pinyin": "yuè hēi fēng gāo", "meaning": "比喻没有月光风也很大的夜晚,比喻险恶的环境"}, + "高风亮节": {"pinyin": "gāo fēng liàng jié", "meaning": "形容道德和行为都很高尚"}, + "节衣缩食": {"pinyin": "jié yī suō shí", "meaning": "省吃省穿,形容节约"}, + "食不甘味": {"pinyin": "shí bù gān wèi", "meaning": "吃东西都觉得没有味道,形容心里有事,吃东西也不香"}, + "味同嚼蜡": {"pinyin": "wèi tóng jiáo là", "meaning": "像吃蜡一样,没有一点儿味,形容语言或文章枯燥无味"}, + "蜡炬成灰": {"pinyin": "là jù chéng huī", "meaning": "蜡烛烧成了灰,比喻自己为不能相聚而痛苦,无尽无休,仿佛蜡泪直到蜡烛烧成了灰方始流尽一样"}, + "灰心丧气": {"pinyin": "huī xīn sàng qì", "meaning": "形容因失败或不顺利而失去信心,意志消沉"}, + "气象万千": {"pinyin": "qì xiàng wàn qiān", "meaning": "形容景象或事物壮丽而多变化"}, + "千变万化": {"pinyin": "qiān biàn wàn huà", "meaning": "形容变化极多"}, + "化为乌有": {"pinyin": "huà wéi wū yǒu", "meaning": "变得什么都没有,指全部消失或完全落空"}, + "有备无患": {"pinyin": "yǒu bèi wú huàn", "meaning": "事先有准备,就可以避免祸患"}, + "患得患失": {"pinyin": "huàn dé huàn shī", "meaning": "担心得不到,得到了又担心失掉,形容对个人得失看得很重"}, + "失之交臂": {"pinyin": "shī zhī jiāo bì", "meaning": "形容当面错过"}, + "臂有四肘": {"pinyin": "bì yǒu sì zhǒu", "meaning": "比喻不凡的相貌"}, + "肘腋之患": {"pinyin": "zhǒu yè zhī huàn", "meaning": "比喻极近的地方的祸患"}, + "患难与共": {"pinyin": "huàn nàn yǔ gòng", "meaning": "共同承担危险和困难,指彼此关系密切,利害一致"}, + "共商国是": {"pinyin": "gòng shāng guó shì", "meaning": "共同商量国家的政策和方针"}, + "是非分明": {"pinyin": "shì fēi fēn míng", "meaning": "正确与错误非常分明"}, + "明目张胆": {"pinyin": "míng mù zhāng dǎn", "meaning": "原指有胆识,敢做敢为,后形容公开放肆地干坏事"}, + "胆大包天": {"pinyin": "dǎn dà bāo tiān", "meaning": "形容胆子极大"}, + "天长地久": {"pinyin": "tiān cháng dì jiǔ", "meaning": "跟天和地存在的时间那样长,形容时间悠久,也形容永远不变(多指爱情)"}, + "久别重逢": {"pinyin": "jiǔ bié chóng féng", "meaning": "指朋友或亲人在长久分别之后再次见面"}, + "逢凶化吉": {"pinyin": "féng xiōng huà jí", "meaning": "遇到凶险转化为吉祥、顺利,这是带有迷信的说法"}, + "吉祥如意": {"pinyin": "jí xiáng rú yì", "meaning": "多用祝颂他人美满称心"}, + "意气风发": {"pinyin": "yì qì fēng fā", "meaning": "形容精神振奋,气概豪迈"}, + "发扬光大": {"pinyin": "fā yáng guāng dà", "meaning": "使事业、传统等更加发展壮大"}, + "大智若愚": {"pinyin": "dà zhì ruò yú", "meaning": "某些才智出众的人,看来好像愚笨,不露锋芒"}, + "愚公移山": {"pinyin": "yú gōng yí shān", "meaning": "比喻坚持不懈地改造自然和坚定不移地进行斗争"}, + "山清水秀": {"pinyin": "shān qīng shuǐ xiù", "meaning": "形容风景优美"}, + "秀外慧中": {"pinyin": "xiù wài huì zhōng", "meaning": "外表秀丽,内心聪明"}, + "中流砥柱": {"pinyin": "zhōng liú dǐ zhù", "meaning": "比喻坚强独立的人能在动荡艰难的环境中起支柱作用"}, + "柱石之坚": {"pinyin": "zhù shí zhī jiān", "meaning": "像柱石一样坚硬,比喻大臣坚强可靠,能担负国家重任"}, + "坚如磐石": {"pinyin": "jiān rú pán shí", "meaning": "像大石头一样坚固,比喻不可动摇"}, + "石破天惊": {"pinyin": "shí pò tiān jīng", "meaning": "原形容箜篌的声音,忽而高亢,忽而低沉,出人意外,有难以形容的奇境,后多比喻文章议论新奇惊人"}, + "惊天动地": {"pinyin": "jīng tiān dòng dì", "meaning": "使天地惊动,形容某个事件的声势或意义极大"}, + "地动山摇": {"pinyin": "dì dòng shān yáo", "meaning": "地震发生时大地颤动,山河摇摆,亦形容声势浩大或斗争激烈"}, + "摇头晃脑": {"pinyin": "yáo tóu huàng nǎo", "meaning": "形容自己感觉很有乐趣或自己认为很不差的样子"}, + "脑满肠肥": {"pinyin": "nǎo mǎn cháng féi", "meaning": "形容饱食终日的剥削者大腹便便,肥胖丑陋的形象"}, + "肥头大耳": {"pinyin": "féi tóu dà ěr", "meaning": "一个肥胖的脑袋,两只大耳朵,形容体态肥胖,有时指小孩可爱"}, + "耳熟能详": {"pinyin": "ěr shú néng详", "meaning": "指听得多了,能够说得很清楚、很详细"}, + "详略得当": {"pinyin": "xiáng lüè dé dàng", "meaning": "指应当详细和应当简略的地方都处理得很妥当"}, + "当务之急": {"pinyin": "dāng wù zhī jí", "meaning": "当前任务中最急切要办的事"}, + "急功近利": {"pinyin": "jí gōng jìn lì", "meaning": "急于求成,贪图眼前的成效和利益"}, + "利欲熏心": {"pinyin": "lì yù xūn xīn", "meaning": "贪财图利的欲望迷住了心窍"}, + "心灰意冷": {"pinyin": "xīn huī yì lěng", "meaning": "灰心失望,意志消沉"}, + "冷若冰霜": {"pinyin": "lěng ruò bīng shuāng", "meaning": "冷得象冰霜一样,比喻待人接物毫无感情,象冰霜一样冷,也比喻态度严正,不可接近"}, + "霜露之病": {"pinyin": "shuāng lù zhī bìng", "meaning": "因感受风寒而引起的病"}, + "病入膏肓": {"pinyin": "bìng rù gāo huāng", "meaning": "形容病情十分严重,无法医治,比喻事情到了无法挽救的地步"}, + "荒诞不经": {"pinyin": "huāng dàn bù jīng", "meaning": "形容言论荒谬,不合情理"}, + "经久不息": {"pinyin": "jīng jiǔ bù xī", "meaning": "经过长时间停不下来"}, + "息事宁人": {"pinyin": "xī shì níng rén", "meaning": "指调解纠纷,使事情平息下来,消除事端,使人们平安相处"}, + "人山人海": {"pinyin": "rén shān rén hǎi", "meaning": "形容人聚集得非常多"}, + "海纳百川": {"pinyin": "hǎi nà bǎi chuān", "meaning": "比喻包容的东西非常广泛,而且数量很大"}, + "川流不息": {"pinyin": "chuān liú bù xī", "meaning": "形容行人、车马等像水流一样连续不断"}, + "息息相关": {"pinyin": "xī xī xiāng guān", "meaning": "形容彼此的关系非常密切"}, + "关门大吉": {"pinyin": "guān mén dà jí", "meaning": "指商店倒闭或企业破产停业"}, + "吉祥如意": {"pinyin": "jí xiáng rú yì", "meaning": "多用祝颂他人美满称心"}, + "意气风发": {"pinyin": "yì qì fēng fā", "meaning": "形容精神振奋,气概豪迈"}, + "发扬光大": {"pinyin": "fā yáng guāng dà", "meaning": "使事业、传统等更加发展壮大"} } -# 游戏逻辑 - -def get_character_pinyin(char): - """获取汉字的拼音""" - return CHINESE_PINYIN.get(char, char) +# 谐音字典(简化版,仅包含部分常见谐音) +HOMOPHONES = { + "一": ["衣", "医", "依", "伊", "仪", "宜", "贻", "移", "遗", "疑", "沂", "颐", "彝", "乙", "已", "以", "亿", "义", "忆", "艺", "议", "亦", "易", "译", "异", "翼", "翌", "绎", "轶", "役", "疫", "诣", "谊", "逸", "毅", "熠", "镒", "驿", "翳", "臆", "肄", "逸"], + "人": ["仁", "壬", "任", "忍", "韧", "认", "刃", "纫", "仞", "荏", "稔", "妊", "饪", "衽"], + "大": ["达", "妲", "怛", "炟", "笪", "靼", "打", "瘩", "迖", "跶", "搭", "嗒", "褡", "耷", "大", "汏", "釱"], + "天": ["填", "田", "甜", "恬", "腆", "舔", "阗", "钿", "畋", "佃", "畑", "沺", "忝", "殄", "瑱", "璅"], + "地": ["第", "弟", "帝", "谛", "蒂", "缔", "娣", "睇", "碲", "递", "第", "棣", "睇", "娣", "嵽", "馰"], + "风": ["丰", "封", "枫", "疯", "峰", "烽", "锋", "蜂", "葑", "酆", "冯", "逢", "缝", "讽", "奉", "俸", "凤", "唪", "堋", "捀", "珮", "琫", "甮", "紴", "俸", "蜯", "諷", "靊", "霛", "鳯"], + "月": ["越", "粤", "跃", "钥", "岳", "乐", "约", "悦", "阅", "跃", "栎", "钥", "钺", "岳", "粤", "樾", "龠", "瀹", "爚", "礿", "篗", "籥", "跃", "鸑", "鷽"], + "水": ["睡", "税", "说", "谁", "水", "税", "睡", "说", "谁", "涗", "祱", "説", "鋭", "鐩", "陎", "说"], + "火": ["伙", "或", "货", "获", "祸", "霍", "惑", "豁", "活", "火", "伙", "或", "货", "获", "祸", "霍", "惑", "豁", "活", "钬", "伙", "吙", "佸", "栝", "湱", "漷", "煷", "瘛", "穫", "篧", "輠", "锪", "镬", "耠", "祸", "靃", "蠖", "諕", "謋", "貣", "货", "趏", "跞", "踝", "躧", "鏸", "鐜", "镬", "雘", "霍", "嚯", "蠖", "祸", "穫", "耠", "锪", "镬", "雘"], + "山": ["杉", "删", "姗", "珊", "栅", "舢", "扇", "善", "擅", "赡", "膳", "缮", "嬗", "骟", "疝", "讪", "汕", "潸", "澘", "邖", "删", "姗", "珊", "栅", "舢", "扇", "善", "擅", "赡", "膳", "缮", "嬗", "骟", "疝", "讪", "汕", "潸", "澘", "邖"], + "石": ["时", "识", "实", "拾", "食", "蚀", "史", "使", "始", "驶", "士", "氏", "市", "示", "世", "仕", "式", "事", "侍", "势", "视", "试", "饰", "室", "是", "柿", "峙", "适", "逝", "释", "嗜", "噬", "誓", "嗜", "噬", "誓", "莳", "蓍", "弑", "螫", "舐", "谥", "氏", "世", "仕", "式", "事", "侍", "势", "视", "试", "饰", "室", "是", "柿", "峙", "适", "逝", "释", "嗜", "噬", "誓", "莳", "蓍", "弑", "螫", "舐", "谥", "舐", "谥"], + "金": ["今", "斤", "巾", "仅", "尽", "卺", "紧", "堇", "锦", "谨", "馑", "瑾", "槿", "瑾", "觐", "斤", "筋", "仅", "卺", "紧", "堇", "锦", "谨", "馑", "瑾", "槿", "瑾", "觐", "斤", "筋", "仅", "卺", "紧", "堇", "锦", "谨", "馑", "瑾", "槿", "瑾", "觐"], + "木": ["目", "牧", "睦", "穆", "暮", "募", "墓", "幕", "慕", "亩", "母", "牡", "姆", "拇", "姆", "母", "牡", "姆", "拇", "姆", "母", "牡", "姆", "拇", "姆"], + "土": ["吐", "兔", "菟", "堍", "秃", "突", "图", "徒", "途", "涂", "屠", "荼", "菟", "堍", "秃", "突", "图", "徒", "途", "涂", "屠", "荼"], + "草": ["操", "曹", "槽", "嘈", "漕", "螬", "艚", "褿", "嘈", "漕", "螬", "艚", "褿"], + "花": ["华", "哗", "骅", "铧", "划", "画", "话", "桦", "猾", "滑", "化", "划", "画", "话", "桦", "猾", "滑", "化"], + "鸟": ["尿", "捏", "聂", "啮", "镊", "镍", "涅", "蘖", "孽", "啮", "镊", "镍", "涅", "蘖", "孽"], + "鱼": ["渔", "余", "予", "妤", "盂", "臾", "鱼", "俞", "谀", "娱", "萸", "雩", "嵛", "愉", "揄", "瑜", "榆", "虞", "愚", "觎", "舆", "窬", "逾", "腴", "渝", "愉", "瑜", "榆", "虞", "愚", "觎", "舆", "窬", "逾", "腴", "渝"], + "虫": ["冲", "充", "忡", "憧", "艟", "舂", "虫", "崇", "宠", "铳", "冲", "充", "忡", "憧", "艟", "舂", "虫", "崇", "宠", "铳"], + "日": ["入", "如", "茹", "孺", "蠕", "儒", "濡", "襦", "嚅", "孺", "蠕", "儒", "濡", "襦", "嚅"], + "月": ["越", "粤", "跃", "钥", "岳", "乐", "约", "悦", "阅", "跃", "栎", "钥", "钺", "岳", "粤", "樾", "龠", "瀹", "爚", "礿", "篗", "籥", "跃", "鸑", "鷽"], + "星": ["兴", "性", "姓", "幸", "形", "刑", "型", "行", "陉", "荥", "型", "硎", "铏", "饧", "悻", "婞", "涬", "睲", "惺", "猩", "瑆", "煋", "觲", "謃", "醒", "擤", "省", "眚", "圣", "胜", "晟", "盛", "剩", "乘", "绳", "胜", "晟", "盛", "剩", "乘", "绳"], + "光": ["广", "犷", "逛", "咣", "洸", "茪", "珖", "胱", "輄", "銧", "黆", "姯", "侊", "咣", "洸", "茪", "珖", "胱", "輄", "銧", "黆", "姯", "侊"], + "明": ["名", "命", "鸣", "冥", "铭", "茗", "溟", "暝", "瞑", "螟", "酩", "洺", "眀", "朙", "螟", "蓂", "铭", "溟", "暝", "瞑", "螟", "酩", "洺"], + "春": ["椿", "醇", "唇", "纯", "莼", "淳", "鹑", "蝽", "蠢", "春", "椿", "醇", "唇", "纯", "莼", "淳", "鹑", "蝽", "蠢"], + "夏": ["下", "吓", "夏", "厦", "罅", "瞎", "虾", "霞", "暇", "瑕", "遐", "黠", "下", "吓", "夏", "厦", "罅", "瞎", "虾", "霞", "暇", "瑕", "遐", "黠"], + "秋": ["邱", "丘", "蚯", "秋", "鳅", "湫", "楸", "萩", "啾", "遒", "酋", "逑", "球", "赇", "巯", "蝤", "鳅", "囚", "泅", "俅", "酋", "逑", "球", "赇", "巯", "蝤", "鳅"], + "冬": ["东", "咚", "岽", "氡", "鸫", "董", "懂", "动", "冻", "侗", "垌", "峒", "恫", "栋", "洞", "胨", "硐", "鲷", "东", "咚", "岽", "氡", "鸫", "董", "懂", "动", "冻", "侗", "垌", "峒", "恫", "栋", "洞", "胨", "硐", "鲷"] +} +# 同音字检查函数 def is_homophone(char1, char2): - """检测两个汉字是否同音""" - pinyin1 = get_character_pinyin(char1) - pinyin2 = get_character_pinyin(char2) - return pinyin1 == pinyin2 + """检查两个字是否为同音字""" + if char1 == char2: + return True + # 检查是否在谐音字典中 + for key, values in HOMOPHONES.items(): + if char1 == key and char2 in values: + return True + if char2 == key and char1 in values: + return True + return False +# 获取下一个成语(本地库) def get_next_idioms(last_char): - """根据最后一个字获取可能的接龙成语(支持谐音)""" + """获取以指定字符开头的成语(支持谐音)""" result = [] - for idiom in IDIOMS.keys(): + for idiom in IDIOMS: first_char = idiom[0] if idiom.startswith(last_char) or is_homophone(first_char, last_char): result.append(idiom) return result +# 验证成语函数 def validate_idiom(idiom, last_char, history): - """验证成语是否有效(支持谐音)""" - if idiom not in IDIOMS: - return False, "成语不存在" + """验证成语是否有效(完全依赖AI验证,支持谐音)""" + # 检查是否已经使用过 + if idiom in history: + return False, "成语已经使用过" + + # 检查首字是否匹配(支持谐音) if last_char: first_char = idiom[0] if not (idiom.startswith(last_char) or is_homophone(first_char, last_char)): return False, f"成语必须以'{last_char}'或其谐音开头" - if idiom in history: - return False, "成语已经使用过" - return True, "" + + # 完全依赖AI验证,不再使用本地成语库 + if DEEPSEEK_API_KEY and DEEPSEEK_API_KEY != "your_api_key_here": + try: + headers = { + "Content-Type": "application/json", + "Authorization": f"Bearer {DEEPSEEK_API_KEY}" + } + + # 专业的成语验证提示 + system_prompt = "你是一个专业的成语专家,精通中国成语。请判断以下内容是否为标准的四字成语。\n" + system_prompt += "判断标准:\n" + system_prompt += "1. 必须是四字短语\n" + system_prompt += "2. 必须是约定俗成的成语,而非普通短语\n" + system_prompt += "3. 包括常见成语、典故成语、书面成语和较少见的成语\n" + system_prompt += "4. 只要符合成语特征,即使不太常见也应判断为成语\n" + system_prompt += "请严格按照要求判断,如果是成语,请只回答'是';如果不是成语,请只回答'否'。" + + messages = [ + {"role": "system", "content": system_prompt}, + {"role": "user", "content": f"{idiom}"} + ] + + data = { + "model": "deepseek-chat", + "messages": messages, + "max_tokens": 10, + "temperature": 0.1, + "response_format": {"type": "text"} + } + + response = requests.post(DEEPSEEK_API_URL, headers=headers, json=data, timeout=8) + response.raise_for_status() + result = response.json() + ai_answer = result['choices'][0]['message']['content'].strip() + + print(f"AI验证结果: {idiom} -> {ai_answer}") + + # 更宽松的AI回答匹配 + if ai_answer in ["是", "是的", "对", "正确", "是成语"]: + # AI确认是成语 + return True, "AI验证通过" + elif ai_answer in ["否", "不是", "不对", "错误", "不是成语"]: + return False, "成语不存在" + else: + # AI回答不明确,尝试再次验证 + print(f"AI回答不明确: {ai_answer}") + try: + messages = [ + {"role": "system", "content": "请重新判断,只回答'是'或'否',不要添加任何其他内容"}, + {"role": "user", "content": f"{idiom}是否是标准的四字成语?"} + ] + data['messages'] = messages + response = requests.post(DEEPSEEK_API_URL, headers=headers, json=data, timeout=5) + response.raise_for_status() + result = response.json() + ai_answer = result['choices'][0]['message']['content'].strip() + print(f"AI二次验证结果: {idiom} -> {ai_answer}") + if ai_answer in ["是", "是的", "对", "正确", "是成语"]: + return True, "AI验证通过" + except Exception as e: + print(f"二次验证失败: {e}") + # 多次验证失败 + return False, "成语不存在" + except Exception as e: + print(f"AI验证失败: {e}") + # AI验证失败,使用兜底验证 + if len(idiom) == 4 and all('\u4e00' <= c <= '\u9fff' for c in idiom): + return True, "四字短语验证通过" + else: + return False, "成语不存在" + else: + # 未配置API密钥,使用兜底验证 + if len(idiom) == 4 and all('\u4e00' <= c <= '\u9fff' for c in idiom): + return True, "四字短语验证通过" + else: + return False, "成语不存在" +# 获取随机成语 def get_random_idiom(): """获取随机成语""" return random.choice(list(IDIOMS.keys())) +# 使用DeepSeek API生成接龙成语 def get_deepseek_idiom(last_char, history): """使用DeepSeek API生成接龙成语(支持谐音)""" if not DEEPSEEK_API_KEY or DEEPSEEK_API_KEY == "your_api_key_here": - # API密钥未配置,返回本地成语 - idioms = get_next_idioms(last_char) - # 过滤掉已使用的成语 - available_idioms = [idiom for idiom in idioms if idiom not in history] - return available_idioms[0] if available_idioms else None - - # 构建API请求 - headers = { - "Content-Type": "application/json", - "Authorization": f"Bearer {DEEPSEEK_API_KEY}" - } - - messages = [ - {"role": "system", "content": SYSTEM_PROMPT}, - {"role": "user", "content": f"请生成一个以'{last_char}'或其谐音开头的成语,不要使用以下成语:{', '.join(history)}。只需要返回成语本身,不需要任何解释。"} - ] - - data = { - "model": "deepseek-chat", - "messages": messages, - "max_tokens": 50, - "temperature": 0.7 - } + # API密钥未配置,返回None + return None try: + headers = { + "Content-Type": "application/json", + "Authorization": f"Bearer {DEEPSEEK_API_KEY}" + } + + # 构建系统提示 + system_prompt = "你是一个成语接龙专家,擅长根据最后一个字(或谐音)生成接龙成语。\n" + system_prompt += "请按照以下要求生成成语:\n" + system_prompt += "1. 必须是四字成语\n" + system_prompt += "2. 要与前一个成语的最后一个字谐音或同字\n" + system_prompt += "3. 不要重复已经使用过的成语\n" + system_prompt += "4. 尽量使用常见的成语\n" + system_prompt += "5. 只需要返回成语本身,不要添加任何其他内容\n" + + # 构建用户提示 + user_prompt = f"请生成一个以'{last_char}'(或其谐音)开头的成语,不要使用以下成语:{', '.join(history) if history else '无'}" + + messages = [ + {"role": "system", "content": system_prompt}, + {"role": "user", "content": user_prompt} + ] + + data = { + "model": "deepseek-chat", + "messages": messages, + "max_tokens": 20, + "temperature": 0.7 + } + + # 发送请求 response = requests.post(DEEPSEEK_API_URL, headers=headers, json=data, timeout=10) response.raise_for_status() + + # 解析响应 result = response.json() idiom = result['choices'][0]['message']['content'].strip() - # 验证成语是否有效 - if idiom and validate_idiom(idiom, last_char, history)[0]: - # 如果是新成语,添加到成语库 - if idiom not in IDIOMS: - # 这里可以添加成语的拼音和解释,暂时使用占位符 - IDIOMS[idiom] = {'pinyin': '', 'meaning': ''} + # 验证生成的成语 + if validate_idiom(idiom, last_char, history)[0]: return idiom else: - # API返回的成语无效,使用本地成语 - idioms = get_next_idioms(last_char) - available_idioms = [idiom for idiom in idioms if idiom not in history] - return available_idioms[0] if available_idioms else None + # 生成的成语无效,尝试再次生成 + print(f"AI生成的成语无效: {idiom}") + # 再次调用API尝试生成 + try: + response = requests.post(DEEPSEEK_API_URL, headers=headers, json=data, timeout=8) + response.raise_for_status() + result = response.json() + idiom = result['choices'][0]['message']['content'].strip() + if validate_idiom(idiom, last_char, history)[0]: + return idiom + else: + return None + except Exception as e: + print(f"二次生成失败: {e}") + return None + except Exception as e: print(f"DeepSeek API调用失败: {e}") - # API调用失败,使用本地成语 - idioms = get_next_idioms(last_char) - available_idioms = [idiom for idiom in idioms if idiom not in history] - return available_idioms[0] if available_idioms else None + return None # Streamlit应用 -st.set_page_config(page_title="成语接龙", page_icon="🎯", layout="wide") - -# 自定义CSS -st.markdown(""" - -""", unsafe_allow_html=True) - -# 初始化游戏状态 -if 'game_state' not in st.session_state: - st.session_state.game_state = { - 'current_idiom': None, - 'score': 0, - 'time_limit': 30, # 30秒时间限制 - 'difficulty': 'normal', # 难度:easy, normal, hard - 'game_mode': 'classic', # 游戏模式:classic, time_attack - 'score_multiplier': 1.5, # 分数倍数 - 'start_time': None, - 'history': [], - 'game_over': False - } - -# 游戏标题 -st.markdown('
点击下方按钮开始游戏
', unsafe_allow_html=True) - st.markdown('支持谐音接龙,同音不同字也可以哦!
', unsafe_allow_html=True) - st.markdown('最终得分: {st.session_state.game_state["score"]}
', unsafe_allow_html=True) - st.markdown(f'接龙次数: {len(st.session_state.game_state["history"])-1}
', unsafe_allow_html=True) - st.markdown('剩余时间: {int(remaining_time)}s
', unsafe_allow_html=True) - st.markdown(f'', unsafe_allow_html=True) - st.markdown('得分: {st.session_state.game_state["score"]}
', unsafe_allow_html=True) - - # 历史记录 - st.markdown('暂无历史记录
', unsafe_allow_html=True) - - # 提示功能 - if st.session_state.game_state['current_idiom'] and not st.session_state.game_state['game_over']: - if st.button("获取提示", key="get_hint"): - last_char = st.session_state.game_state['current_idiom'][-1] - hints = get_next_idioms(last_char) - if hints: - hint = random.choice(hints[:3]) # 随机选择前3个中的一个 - st.markdown('提示: 以"{last_char}"开头的成语有很多,比如"{hint}"
', unsafe_allow_html=True) - st.markdown('没有找到合适的成语
', unsafe_allow_html=True) - st.markdown('